Relativity, Astrophysics and Cosmology Proceedings of the Summer Sch

The 1972 Banff lectures attempted a systematic exposition of the ideas underlying recent developments in general relativity and its astronomical applications at a level accessible and useful to graduate students having some previous acquaintance with the

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ASTROPHYSICS AND SPACE SCIENCE LIBRARY A SERIES OF BOOKS ON THE RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF SPACE SCIENCE AND OF GENERAL GEOPHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS PUBLISHED IN CONNECTION WITH THE JOURNAL SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS

Editorial Board J. E.

BLAMONT,

R. L. F. L.

GOLDBERG,

C.

Z. G.

H.

LUDWIG,

R.

B.

LOST,

BOYD,

University College, London, England

Kilt Peak National Observatory, Tucson, Ariz., U.S.A. 0 E JAG E R,

KOPAL,

University of Utrecht, Holland

University of Manchester, Manchester, England

NOAA, National Environmental Satellite Service, Suitland, Md., U.S.A.

lnstitut fur Extraterrestrische Physik, Garching-Munchen, Germany

M. MCCORMAC,

LockheedPalo All(} ReJtefWf>l/fI. Laboratory, Palo Alto, Calif., U.S.A.

H. N. L. I.

Laboratoire d'Aeronomie, Verrieres, France

SEDOV,

NEWELL,

NASA, Washington, D.C., U.S.A.

Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow, U.S.S.R.

Z.

SVESTKA,

Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany

Secretary of the Editorial Board W.

DE GRAAFF,

Sterrewacht 'Sonnenborgh', University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Holland

VOLUME 38

RELATIVITY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY PROCEEDINGS OF THE SUMMER SCHOOL HELD, 14-26 AUGUST, 1972 AT THE BANFF CENTRE, BANFF, ALBERTA

Edited by

WERNER ISRAEL Theoretical Physics Institute, Physics Department, University of Alberta, Edmontoll, Alberta

D. REIDEL PUBLISHING COMPANY DORDRECHT-HOLLAND / BOSTON-U.S.A.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 72-97957 ISBN-13 :978-94-0 10-2641-3

e-ISBN-13 :978-94-0 10-2639-0

DOl: 10.1007/978-94-010-2639-0

Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company P.O. Box 17, Dordrecht, Holland Sold and distributed in the U.S.A., Canada, and Mexico by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Inc. 306 Dartmouth Street, Boston, Mass. 02116, U.S.A.

All Rights Reserved Copyright © 1973 by D. Reidel Publishing Company, Dordrecht-Holland Softcover reprint of the hardcover 18t edition 1973 No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by print, photoprint, microfilm, or any other means, without written permission from the publisher

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

~I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

IX

ORGANISING COMMITTEE

IX

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

IX

JURGEN EHLERS /

Survey of General Relativity Theory

O. Introduction 1. Quasi-Historical, Empirical Motivation of the General Theory of Relativity 2. A Constructive-Axiomatic Approach to General Relativity Theory 3. Kinetic Theory 4. Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics 5. The Transition from Maxwell's Equations to Geometrical Optics 6. Note on the Dynamics of Extended Bodies 7. Approximation Methods 8. Spherically Symmetric Spacetimes References

2 22 55 89 99 101 106 114 122

Observational Contacts of General Relativity 1. Introduction 2. Fundamental Properties of Gravity 3. Alternative Theories and Solar System Experiments 4. Experiments on Gravitational Radiation References

127 128 132 142 150

DIETER R. BRILL /

Relativistic Stars, Gravitational Collapse, and Black Holes 1. Introduction 153 2. The Relativistic Stellar Structure of Spherical Stars 154 3. Spherically Symmetric Gravitational Collapse 166 4. Non