Reliability and validity of the adapted Turkish version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire
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Reliability and validity of the adapted Turkish version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire Aliekber Yapar1 · Dilek Yapar2 · Yilmaz Ergisi3 · Ahmet Yigit Kaptan4 · Mehmet Ali Tokgoz5 · Alpaslan Senkoylu6 Received: 7 June 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 © Scoliosis Research Society 2020
Abstract Purpose The Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (SAQ), scoliosis specific quality of life questionnaire, was developed to assess the spinal appearance in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adaptation, validity, and reliability of the Turkish version of the Spinal Appearance Questionnaire (Tr-SAQ). Methods Tr-SAQ and already validated Turkish SRS-22 were applied to 75AIS patients (56 females) twice within a 2-week interval for test–retest reliability. Validity of the Tr-SAQ was assessed with factor analysis, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was evaluated by calculating Spearman correlation coefficients between Tr-SAQ and SRS-22 self-image domain. Internal consistency and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were evaluated for the determination of reliability. Results Factor analysis indicated that Tr-SAQ had two factors as appearance (items 1–10) and expectations (items 12–15). Convergent validity test showed a significant negative correlation between the Tr-SAQ appearance score and SRS-22 selfimage score (Spearman’s r = − 0.6).Test–retest was conducted within a mean of 16.7 (range 14–28) days. Both ICC and Cronbach’s α were found to be high (0.98, 0. 91, respectively). The correlations with the major curve magnitude were stronger for the Tr-SAQ Appearance (r = 0.7) and Tr-SAQ Total (r = 0.6) scores than the correlations between the SRS-22 self-image (r = − 0.5) and SRS-22 Total (r = − 0.4) scores. Conclusion The Turkish version of the SAQ was reliable and valid for clinical use for AIS patients who are native speakers of Turkish. Level of evidence Level I- diagnostic studies. Keywords Spinal appearance questionnaire · Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis · Validation · Cross-cultural adaptation
* Alpaslan Senkoylu [email protected]
2
Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
Aliekber Yapar [email protected]
3
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Corum Sungurlu State Hospital, Corum, Turkey
Dilek Yapar [email protected]
4
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Dr. Nafiz Körez, Sincan State Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
Yilmaz Ergisi [email protected]
5
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Children’s Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Dr Sami Ulus Maternity, Ankara, Turkey
6
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Mevlana Blv, 06560 Yenimahalle, Ankara, Turkey
Ahmet Yigit Kaptan [email protected] Mehmet Ali Tokgoz [email protected] 1
Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara Oncology Education and Training Hospital,
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