Reliability of Reported Maternal Smoking: Comparing the Birth Certificate to Maternal Worksheets and Prenatal and Hospit
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METHODOLOGICAL NOTES
Reliability of Reported Maternal Smoking: Comparing the Birth Certificate to Maternal Worksheets and Prenatal and Hospital Medical Records, New York City and Vermont, 2009 Renata E. Howland • Candace Mulready-Ward • Ann M. Madsen • Judith Sackoff • Michael Nyland-Funke Jennifer M. Bombard • Van T. Tong
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Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015
Abstract Maternal smoking is captured on the 2003 US Standard Birth Certificate based on self-reported tobacco use before and during pregnancy collected on post-delivery maternal worksheets. Study objectives were to compare smoking reported on the birth certificate to maternal worksheets and prenatal and hospital medical records. The authors analyzed a sample of New York City (NYC) and Vermont women (n = 1,037) with a live birth from January to August 2009 whose responses to the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System survey were linked with birth certificates and abstracted medical records and maternal worksheets. We calculated smoking prevalence and agreement (kappa) between sources overall and by maternal and hospital characteristics. Smoking before and during pregnancy was 13.7 and 10.4 % using birth certificates, 15.2 and 10.7 % using maternal worksheets, 18.1 and 14.1 % using medical records, and 20.5 and 15.0 % using either maternal worksheets or medical records. Birth certificates had ‘‘almost perfect’’ agreement with maternal worksheets for smoking before and during pregnancy (j = 0.92 and 0.89) and ‘‘substantial’’ agreement with medical records (j = 0.70 and 0.74), with variation by education, insurance, and parity. Smoking information on NYC and Vermont birth certificates closely
R. E. Howland (&) C. Mulready-Ward A. M. Madsen J. Sackoff New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, NY, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. Nyland-Funke Vermont Department of Health, Burlington, VT, USA J. M. Bombard V. T. Tong Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
agreed with maternal worksheets but was underestimated compared with medical records, with variation by select maternal characteristics. Opportunities exist to improve birth certificate smoking data, such as reducing the stigma of smoking, and improving the collection, transcription, and source of information. Keywords Birth certificates Pregnancy Reproducibility of results Smoking Vital statistics
Introduction Smoking before and during pregnancy can lead to reduced fertility, poor pregnancy outcomes, and adverse infant health [1]. Estimates of smoking prevalence are critical for guiding policies and evaluating smoking cessation programs. Birth registration systems, operating in 57 state, local, and territorial jurisdictions, are a key populationlevel source of this information [2]. Birth registration data are based on local adaptations of the US Standard Certificate of Live Birth, recommended by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Beginning in 1989, NCHS added a question to the b
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