Disparities in Reported and Substantiated Infant Maltreatment by Maternal Hispanic Origin and Nativity: A Birth Cohort S
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Disparities in Reported and Substantiated Infant Maltreatment by Maternal Hispanic Origin and Nativity: A Birth Cohort Study Michelle Johnson-Motoyama • Emily Putnam-Hornstein • Alan J. Dettlaff • Kechen Zhao • Megan Finno-Velasquez • Barbara Needell
Ó Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014
Abstract We followed Latino infants prospectively through age 1 to determine whether maternal foreign-born status conferred a protective advantage against reported and substantiated maltreatment across Hispanic-origin groups, and whether the likelihood an infant was reported or substantiated for maltreatment varied by Hispanic origin. We drew data for all Latino infants born in California between 2000 and 2006 (N = 1,909,155) from populationbased birth records linked to child protective services data. We used v2 tests to assess distributional differences in covariates and utilized generalized linear models to estimate the adjusted relative risk of report and substantiation in models stratified by nativity. We observed significant health advantages in reported and substantiated maltreatment for infants of foreign-born mothers within every Hispanic-origin group. Risks of report and substantiation among infants of Mexican and Central/South American mothers were consistently lower than Puerto Rican and Cuban mothers despite socioeconomic disadvantage. The
presence of disparities among Hispanic-origin groups in child maltreatment report and substantiation during infancy has implications for the health of Latinos across the life course. Further research is warranted to unravel the complex processes underlying observed relationships.
M. Johnson-Motoyama (&) University of Kansas School of Social Welfare, 1545 Lilac Lane, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA e-mail: [email protected]
A. J. Dettlaff Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1040 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60607-7134, USA e-mail: [email protected]
E. Putnam-Hornstein M. Finno-Velasquez University of Southern California School of Social Work, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA e-mail: [email protected] M. Finno-Velasquez e-mail: [email protected] E. Putnam-Hornstein California Child Welfare Indicators Project, University of California, Berkeley, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA
Keywords Latino health paradox Latino infant health Child maltreatment Hispanic health paradox
Introduction Latino children represent the fastest growing child population in the United States and in the public child protection system. National data indicate that the percentage of children confirmed as victims of maltreatment who are of Latino ethnicity increased from 14.2 % in 2000 to 22.1 % in 2011, [1] consistent with growth in the US child population. Latinos are highly diverse with regard to nativity,
K. Zhao University of Southern California, Montgomery Ross Fisher Building, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0411, USA e-mail: [email protected] B. Needell California Child Welfare Indicators Project, University
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