Reliability studies on reinforced concrete beam subjected to bending forces with natural stone as coarse aggregate
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Reliability studies on reinforced concrete beam subjected to bending forces with natural stone as coarse aggregate Daniel Ndakuta Kolo1 · James Isiwu Aguwa1 · Theophilus Yisa Tsado1 · Mohammed Abdullahi1 · Abdulazeez Yusuf1 · Sikiru Folahan Oritola1 Received: 30 June 2020 / Accepted: 5 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract This paper presents the results of structural reliability analysis of a structural element (beam) in building using First-order reliability method (FORM) to ascertain the level of safety. The natural stone (NS) which is the by-product of Precambrian deposits of the Bida trough was used as coarse aggregate: unwashed and washed aggregates were used. A total of 80 concrete cubes of 150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm were cast and used for this study, sensitivity analysis was conducted by varying the span, depth, effective depth, area of shear reinforcement and dead load of the beam in bending. The result of the sensitivity analysis revealed that the beam utilising unwashed and washed NS are both structurally safe at a span of 3000 mm with probabilities of failure of 9.20 × 10–5 and 2.06 × 10–8 and both safe at a depth of 600 mm with probabilities of failure of 4.19 × 10–4 and 2.602 × 10–4, respectively, in bending. Keywords Beam · Bending · Natural stones · Concrete · Structural reliability
Introduction Concrete is the most widely used construction material in the world, second to water as the most utilised substance on earth (Alhaji 2016). It is obtained by mixing cement, water and aggregates in right quantities (with admixtures). Aggregates ideally constitute 75% of concrete as they are extremely important in the quality of concrete produced, this makes it important that they meet certain standards in order to achieve a strong, durable and economical concrete. Concrete compressive, tensile and flexural strengths are measures used in determining the amount of resistance a structural element can offer to deformation, they remain the most important properties of concrete. Several researches have been conducted and many are still being conducted on the relationship between the composition of structural concrete and its mechanical properties. Despite the seemingly huge interest in the study of concrete, cases of poor construction and structural failure still exist (Alhaji 2016).
* Daniel Ndakuta Kolo [email protected] 1
Department of Civil Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria
In any structure, there exist uncertainties or variability in loading and material properties. These uncertainties lead to variability in structural response during the life cycle of a structure (Jalayer et al. 2011). In order to design structures that can perform the intended purpose with desired confidence, these uncertainties involved must be taken into account. The traditional way to tackle these uncertainties is to use the extreme values of the uncertain quantities and/or safety factors in the framework of deterministic design. However, a more accurate and precise way
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