Remote binding counts: measuring distractor-response binding effects online
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Remote binding counts: measuring distractor‑response binding effects online Birte Moeller1 · Christian Frings1 Received: 20 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Bindings between stimulus- and response features have received increasing attention in recent research and theorizing regarding human action control. Apparently, very simple mechanisms that lead to feature binding and retrieval of recently integrated features have an important influence on planning and execution of actions. Regarding the importance of these mechanisms, it seems to be reasonable to test whether they can be measured outside of a formal laboratory situation. Here we ran an online version of the distractor-response binding task reaching participants via crowdsourcing. Distractor-response binding effects were significant in this setup showing that basic mechanisms of feature binding and retrieval indeed influence human action in less formal situations. Besides arguing for the generality and robustness of the effect practical implications are discussed.
Introduction Feature-binding is an important mechanism in action control and has increasingly gained interest in recent years (Henson, Eckstein, Waszak, Frings, & Horner, 2014). Carrying out a simple response like a keypress leads to integration of response features with features of the stimuli, present at responding and effect features resulting from the response. Extending the concept of Kahneman and Treisman (1984) object files, integration is assumed to result in an event file that includes (binary) bindings between feature pairs (Hommel, 2004; Hommel, Müsseler, Aschersleben, & Prinz, 2001). If any part of the event file is then reencountered later on, other bound parts can be retrieved and influence current responding. Response retrieval due to stimulus repetition, for example leads to response facilitation, if the retrieved and the required response match, but to response impairment, if the retrieved and required responses do not match. According to the Binding and Retrieval in Action Control framework (Frings et al., 2020), these core mechanisms of feature integration and retrieval impact behavior observed in various paradigms, used to study human action control (e.g., task switching, negative priming, Posner cueing). Moreover, the same mechanisms might play a role in action related areas * Birte Moeller moellerb@uni‑trier.de 1
Department of Psychology, Cognitive Psychology, University of Trier, 54286 Trier, Germany
like visual search or memory and learning (Frings et al., 2020; Giesen & Rothermund, 2014a). An extensive literature on binding effects has by now identified binding of response features to targets (Hommel, 1998), effects (Dutzi & Hommel, 2009), distractor stimuli (Frings & Rothermund, 2011), tasks (Koch & Allport, 2006), and even other responses (Moeller & Frings, 2019a). Notably, the latter indicate that binding mechanisms seem to be of relevance far beyond the analysis of individual simple responses, but might also pla
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