Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas
A wide variety of marginal basins, ranging from polar to equatorial regions, and a few sizeable enclosed basins, can all be included among the Asian Seas. The Arctic Ocean shelf seas off Siberia; the sheltered basins along the Pacific Ocean’s western rim;
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Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas
Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas
Vittorio Barale Martin Gade •
Editors
Remote Sensing of the Asian Seas
123
Editors Vittorio Barale European Commission Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy
Martin Gade Institute of Oceanography University of Hamburg Hamburg, Germany
ISBN 978-3-319-94065-6 ISBN 978-3-319-94067-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94067-0
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018947103 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 Chapters 1 and 7 are published with kind permission of © European Union 2019. All Rights Reserved. This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Cover illustration: Pictures were taken from Chapter 3: Bai et al., Fig. 1; Chapter 8: Mitnik and Dubina, Fig. 8b; Chapter 7: Eriksen et al., Fig. 2; Chapter 19: Gade et al., Fig. 2; Chapter 17: He and Chen, Fig. 7. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
To Ching Shih Shrewd businesswoman and pirate Champion of the Asian Seas sailing traders
Preface
The Asian Seas have hosted sea routes known and sailed since ancient times— especially on the southern courses that were a counterpart of the Silk Road trade network, complementing classical land itineraries—and provided all-important connections between east and west, between the mighty Asian civilizations and the Middle East, as well as early European cultures. This historical role of the Asian Seas is now continuing with renewed interest and new endeavors in both the marine, scientific, as well as the maritime, economic, sector. In broad terms, the expression Silk Road identified a web of commercial routes, extending primarily over land from Chang’ans (now Xian) in the east to the Mediterranean Sea in the west, established during
