Removal of organic dyes from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes : a potential phytoremediation option
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Removal of organic dyes from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes: a potential phytoremediation option Rishabh Sharma 1 & Hemant Saini 1 & Devina Rattan Paul 1 & Sudesh Chaudhary 1 & Satya Pal Nehra 1 Received: 3 April 2020 / Accepted: 20 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wastewater from textile industries is a potential source of organic dyes in natural water bodies. Environmental concerns of chemical methods for removal of dyes from wastewater are no more a viable solution, and there is growing concern to develop alternative approaches such as green chemistry and phytoremediation. This study reports the removal of organic dyes from wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms (water hyacinth), as an easily available and fast-growing plant species. Growth of water hyacinth among individual cationic (rose bengal (RB), methylene blue (MB), crystal violet (CV), auramine O (AO), rhodamine B (RhB) and anionic (xylenol orange (XO), phenol red (PR), cresol red (CR), methyl orange (MO)) dye solutions and degradation of dyes were monitored. Results indicated that water hyacinth has good absorption and degradation potential for both types of dyes (cationic or anionic) and effectively removes dyes from solution. Water hyacinth can be used as a suitable and effective phytoremediate for removal of organic dyes from the wastewater. Keywords Biological method . Cationic dye . Phytoremediation . Degradation efficiencies
Introduction Dyes are an important constituent used in our day-to-day life, starting from a simpler fibre to a complex group of fibres used for the generation of clothes (Gaballah et al. 2020; Petrova 2020). The paper industries, rubber and plastic industries, automobile manufacturing plants and textile industries are some of the most common potential sources of dye pollution in natural water bodies. Every year, about 12 million people lose their life due to these waterborne diseases as per WHO report (WHO guidelines, 2011). Out of these industries, the textile industry plays a very crucial role in polluting the environment and is responsible for causing water and soil pollution majorly (Stolz 2001; Newete et al. 2016). The chemical methods used to control the dye pollution generate solid waste, which further poses environmental risk and requires safe disposal. Responsible Editor: Elena Maestri * Sudesh Chaudhary [email protected] 1
Center of Excellence for Energy and Environmental Studies, D.C.R. University of Science and Technology, Murthal, Haryana 131039, India
Therefore, alternative environment-friendly approaches/ techniques are being explored worldwide. So, to curb this overgrowing pollution, phytoremediation becomes a very important tool. In the recent years, phytoremediation has evolved as a passive, green, photo (sunlight) driven and profitable approach for environmental clean-up as compared with physiochemical and even other biological modes (Daneshvar et al. 2004). Textile material dyes and their outflows are desc
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