Removal of PAH compounds from refinery industrial sludge as hazardous environmental contaminants through anaerobic diges
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Removal of PAH compounds from refinery industrial sludge as hazardous environmental contaminants through anaerobic digestion H. Kazemi Moayed1 · M. Panahi1 · M. Jalili Ghazizade2 · Z. Abedi1 · H. Ghaffarzadeh1 Received: 12 February 2020 / Revised: 31 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 August 2020 © Islamic Azad University (IAU) 2020
Abstract Contaminated and carcinogenic sludge including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compounds with hydrophobic properties is formed during wastewater treatment process in lubricant refineries. This sludge will cause environmental pollution in case of landfill or if incinerated. In the present study, an anaerobic digestion system based on the degradability of PAH compounds has been investigated, with the perspective toward reducing environmental risks. Also, it was found during anaerobic digestion the energy recovered and biogas produced can contribute to combustion sources in furnaces. To analyze the degradation and thermodynamic kinetics of PAH compounds, factors including optimum conditions of degradation temperature, time duration, methanogenic substrate and energy required for the removal of these compounds have been investigated. The degradation kinetics of the two naphthalene and acenaphthene compounds in industrial sludge of lubricant refinery, through anaerobic digestion, have been evaluated at different temperatures and time durations. The results are well consistent with Arrhenius’ hypothetical relationship, which is a first-order linear equation, and show that the concentration of PAH compounds does not affect the decomposition kinetics. 71% of these two compounds decompose at optimal temperatures of 60 °C after 40 days, and the results indicate that at temperatures above 60 °C, very little degradability occurs despite high energy consumption. It is possible to remove PAH compounds from industrial sewage sludge by imposing economic costs. Any attempt to reduce economic costs requires optimizing process conditions; thereby, environmental valuable resources will be better protected. Keywords Anaerobic degradation · Arrhenius equation · Degradation kinetics · Industrial sewage sludge · Lubricant refinery
Introduction The lubricant industry sludge is highly harmful depending on the quantity and complexity of its constituents; therefore, its proper disposal is important for environmental protection and sustainable development. During the wastewater treatment process at the lubricant refineries, a contaminated Editorial responsibility: Samareh Mirkia. * M. Panahi [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Economics, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Environmental Technology, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2
and toxic industrial sludge, which contains PAH compound, is formed. Aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered as environmental pollutants due to their toxicity and carcinogenic properties in
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