Renal Failure and Replacement Therapies

Competency based critical care: Renal Increased recognition of the overlap between critical care and renal medicine, and recent advances in the understanding of acute renal failure and the application of renal replacement therapies, have brought increased

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Series Editors John Knighton, MBBS, MRCP, FRCA Consultant Intensive Care Medicine & Anaesthesia Portsmouth Hospitals NHS Trust Portsmouth UK

Paul Sadler, MBChB, FRCA Consultant Critical Care Medicine & Anaesthesia Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth UK

Founding Editor John SP Lumley Emeritus Professor of Vascular Surgery University of London London UK and Honorary Consultant Surgeon Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust (GOSH) London UK

Other titles in this series Sepsis Simon Baudouin (Ed.)

Sara Blakeley (Ed.)

Renal Failure and Replacement Therapies

Sara Blakeley, BM, MRCP, EDIC Queen Alexandra Hospital Portsmouth Hampshire, UK

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Renal Failure and Replacement Therapies.—(Competency-based critical care) 1. Kidneys—Diseases 2. Kidneys—Diseases—Treatment 3. Acute renal failure 4. Acute renal failure—Treatment I. Blakeley, Sara 616.6′1 ISBN-13: 9781846289361 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007927934 Competency-Based Critical Care Series ISSN 1864-9998 ISBN: 978-1-84628-936-1

e-ISBN: 978-1-84628-937-8

© Springer-Verlag London Limited 2008 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific fi statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: The publisher can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and application thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

Contents

Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chapter 1

Assessment of Renal Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mohan Arkanath

Chapter 2

Imaging of Acute Renal Failure—A Problem-Solving Approach for Intensive Care Unit Physicians . . . . . . . . Tom Sutherland

vii 1

7

Chapter 3

Drug-Induced Renal Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sara Blakeley

14

Chapter 4

Acute Kidney Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sara Blakeley

19

Chapter 5

Medical Management of Acute Renal Failure . . . . . . . . Nerina Harley

26

Chapter 6

Acute Renal Failure in the Surgical Patient . . . . . . . . . . Marlies Ostermann

33

Chapter 7

Rhabdomyolysis and Compartment Syndrome . . . . . . . Laurie Tomlinson and Stephen Holt

38

Chapter 8

Multisystem Causes