Repeatability and internal consistency of abdominal 2D and 4D PC MR flow measurements
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Repeatability and internal consistency of abdominal 2D and 4D PC MR flow measurements Andrew Wentland1,2*, Thomas M Grist1,2, Oliver Wieben1 From 15th Annual SCMR Scientific Sessions Orlando, FL, USA. 2-5 February 2012 Background We have recently demonstrated the benefits of a radially undersampled 4D-MR flow acquisition (PC-VIPR) [1,2] for angiographic imaging of the renal vasculature in humans [3] and for transstenotic pressure gradients in a swine model [4]. Validation of velocity measurements in vivo with non-MRI methods is desirable, but not possible. The purpose of this study was to assess the repeatability of 2D and 4D-PC flow measurements in humans and to assess the internal consistency of arterial in-flow and out-flow measurements in the renal vasculature. Methods Eight healthy volunteers (mean age=26.9±2.5years) were scanned on a 3TMR scanner with a 32-channel phasedarray torso coil. Subjects refrained from eating for a minimum of four hours prior to the MR examination. 2DPC scan planes were prescribed in the supra- and infrarenal aorta and in each renal artery (Fig.1) with a double-oblique orientation. A radially undersampled 4D-PC technique (PC-VIPR) with large volume coverage over the abdomen and 3-directional velocity encoding was also acquired. Each subject then got off of the scanner bed for five minutes and subsequently returned to repeat the MR protocol. Total flow over the cardiac cycle was measured with in-house-developed software. To test for internal consistency, differences were computed between the suprarenal aortic flow (Qin) and the sum of flow measurements in the renal arteries and infrarenal aorta (Qout); differences were normalized by the average of Qin and Qout. 2D and 4D percent differences were compared with a Student’s t-test. The repeatability of flow measurements was assessed with Pearson correlation and Bland-Altman analysis. 1 Medical Physics, UW - Madison, Madison, WI, USA Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Results For all 16 sets of 2D measurements, average Qin (2404.8 ±632.5ml/min) was similar to average Q out (2259.1 ±449.4ml/min). Similarly, for all 16 sets of 4D measurements, average Qin (1517.5±585.2ml/min) was similar to average Qout (1343.9±410.8ml/min). 4D flow measurements tended to be lower in magnitude than 2D flow measurements. Normalized, the total flow difference for all 16 2D sets of measurements (18.0±16.5%) was greater than the mean percent difference of all 16 4D measurements (12.4±8.8%;p=0.053;Fig.2A). The repeatability of both 2D (r=0.91,p
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