Report on ICT in Education in Greece
Greece is situated in the south of the Balkan Peninsula covering an area of 131,049 km2. The country combines rugged mountains, forests, lakes in the mainland, and an archipelago of about 3000 islands. Greece is bordered to the east by the Aegean Sea, to
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Report on ICT in Education in Greece Charalampos Karagiannidis, Angeliki Karamatsouki, and George Chorozidis
8.1 Overview of the Country 8.1.1 The History and Geography of Greece Greece is situated in the south of the Balkan Peninsula covering an area of 131,049 km2 . The country combines rugged mountains, forests, lakes in the mainland, and an archipelago of about 3000 islands. Greece is bordered to the east by the Aegean Sea, to the south by the Mediterranean Sea, and the west by the Ionian Sea. There are land borders to the north and northeast with, from west to east, Albania, the Republic of North Macedonia, Bulgaria, and Turkey. The country has the longest coastline in Europe and is the southernmost country in Europe. The first great civilization in Greece was the Minoan culture on the island of Crete around 2000 B.C. The Mycenaeans from the mainland conquered the Minoans in 1450 B.C. During ancient times the country was divided into city-states, which were ruled by noblemen. The largest were Athens, Sparta, Thebes, and Corinth. Each state controlled the territory around a single city. They were often at war with each other. Athens became the most powerful, and in 508 B.C., the people instituted a new system of rule by the people called democracy. Foreigners ruled Greece for over 2000 years beginning with the Romans conquering the Greeks in the second century. Then, after almost 400 years under Turkish rule, Greece won independence in 1832. C. Karagiannidis (B) · G. Chorozidis Department of Special Education, University of Thessaly, Thessaly, Greece e-mail: [email protected] G. Chorozidis e-mail: [email protected] A. Karamatsouki Department of Philosophy and Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece e-mail: [email protected] © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020 D. Liu et al. (eds.), Comparative Analysis of ICT in Education Between China and Central and Eastern European Countries, Lecture Notes in Educational Technology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-6879-4_8
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During the Second World War of 1940–41, Greece was one of the few countries that had resisted for so long against the Axis forces. The war was celebrated on October 28, 1940, and eventually, Greece was captured altogether in June 1941 with the occupation of Crete. Due to its strategic position, and as a natural limit of Europe with the east and the west, Greece has always been considered a vital area. In 1952, Greece became a member of NATO. On April 21, 1967, a coup from a group of kings led Greece to a military dictatorship until 1974. In July 1974, a referendum resulted in the rejection of the constitutional monarchy and the establishment of the current Presidential Parliamentary Republic. Since 1981 Greece has been a member of the European Union.
8.1.2 The Population Situation The population of Greece is of 10.8 million permanent residents, and of these 5,303,223 are men and 5,513,063 are women (census 2011). According to forecasts, the country’s demographic makeup will b
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