Reproducing macaque lateral grasping and oculomotor networks using resting state functional connectivity and diffusion t
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Reproducing macaque lateral grasping and oculomotor networks using resting state functional connectivity and diffusion tractography Henrietta Howells1 · Luciano Simone1 · Elena Borra2 · Luca Fornia1 · Gabriella Cerri1 · Giuseppe Luppino2 Received: 21 December 2019 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Cortico-cortical networks involved in motor control have been well defined in the macaque using a range of invasive techniques. The advent of neuroimaging has enabled non-invasive study of these large-scale functionally specialized networks in the human brain; however, assessing its accuracy in reproducing genuine anatomy is more challenging. We set out to assess the similarities and differences between connections of macaque motor control networks defined using axonal tracing and those reproduced using structural and functional connectivity techniques. We processed a cohort of macaques scanned in vivo that were made available by the open access PRIME-DE resource, to evaluate connectivity using diffusion imaging tractography and resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC). Sectors of the lateral grasping and exploratory oculomotor networks were defined anatomically on structural images, and connections were reproduced using different structural and functional approaches (probabilistic and deterministic whole-brain and seed-based tractography; group template and native space functional connectivity analysis). The results showed that parieto-frontal connections were best reproduced using both structural and functional connectivity techniques. Tractography showed lower sensitivity but better specificity in reproducing connections identified by tracer data. Functional connectivity analysis performed in native space had higher sensitivity but lower specificity and was better at identifying connections between intrasulcal ROIs than group-level analysis. Connections of AIP were most consistently reproduced, although those connected with prefrontal sectors were not identified. We finally compared diffusion MR modelling with histology based on an injection in AIP and speculate on anatomical bases for the observed false negatives. Our results highlight the utility of precise ex vivo techniques to support the accuracy of neuroimaging in reproducing connections, which is relevant also for human studies. Keywords Comparative MRI · Macaque · Tractography · Resting state · Neural tracers · Motor control
Introduction Henrietta Howells and Luciano Simone contributed equally to the manuscript. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02142-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Henrietta Howells [email protected] * Luciano Simone [email protected] 1
MoCA Laboratory, Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
Department of Medicine and Surgery, Neuroscience Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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One largel
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