Reproductive toxicity of benzophenone-3
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LETTER TO THE EDITOR, NEWS AND VIEWS
Reproductive toxicity of benzophenone‑3 Florian Seidel1 Received: 4 August 2020 / Accepted: 10 August 2020 / Published online: 12 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Recently, Santamaria and colleagues published a dermal exposure study with benzophenone-3 in pregnant mice to study the possible effects on the outcome of the progeny (Santamaria et al. 2020). Benzophenone-3 is one of the most frequently used ultraviolet light filters present in many skincare products (Krause et al. 2012; Darbre and Harvey 2015), which is detectable in the urine of exposed humans (Calafat et al. 2008; Buck Louis et al. 2014; Frederiksen et al. 2013; Zhang et al. 2013). Humans are not only exposed by the dermal application, but also via drinking water and food (Loraine and Pettigrove 2006; Kim and Choi 2014; Hayden et al. 1997; Janjua et al. 2008). The possible reproductive toxicity of benzophenone-3 has been controversially discussed (Ghazipura et al. 2017; Santamaría et al. 2019; Vela-Soria et al. 2014). The strengths of the present study of Santamaria are the careful selection of a human-relevant dose, the dermal route of application of benzophenone-3, the selection of an interesting window of exposure and internal monitoring of the test compound in serum and amniotic fluid (Santamaria et al. 2020). A dose of 50 mg/kg body weight/day was chosen, because this corresponds to the calculated dose after controlled whole-body dermal application in humans (Janjua et al. 2008). Mice were dermally exposed during the first 7 days of pregnancy, which corresponds to the first trimester of a human pregnancy. A limitation of the study is that the effects were not studied dose-dependently. Benzophenone3-associated key findings were: • • • •
Reduced fetal weight at gestational day 14 (gd14). Reduced feto-placental index of first pregnancy at gd14. Reduced offspring weight of the first progeny. Reduced placenta weight of the second pregnancy.
* Florian Seidel [email protected] 1
Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Ardeystr 67, 44139 Dortmund, Germany
• Higher percentage of females in the first and second
progenies of mothers exposed to benzophenone-3
These are interesting results and further studies with a similar experimental design and a predefined research hypothesis should be performed. Currently, much effort is invested to establish in vitro tests of human developmental toxicity using human stem and precursor cells (Krug et al. 2013; Godoy et al. 2013; 2015; Sachinidis et al. 2019; Leist et al. 2017). Tests systems are available for iPSC-derived cells (Waldmann et al. 2017; Shinde et al. 2016, 2017) and transcriptomics (Balmer et al. 2014; Zimmer et al. 2014; Waldmann et al. 2014) or amino acids (Palmer et al. 2013; Kleinstreuer et al. 2011) have been shown to represent reliable readouts. These systems have been used to differentiate developmental toxicants and controls (Pallocca et al. 2016; Reif 2015) as well as different classe
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