Synergistic effect of curcumin and chitosan nanoparticles on nano-hydroxyapatite-induced reproductive toxicity in rats
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Synergistic effect of curcumin and chitosan nanoparticles on nano-hydroxyapatite-induced reproductive toxicity in rats Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef 1 & Haitham Hassan Abd 1 & Yasser Mohamed Helmy 2 & Maher Abdel-Nabi Kamel 3 Received: 22 June 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Although the toxicity/biocompatibility of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs), a prospective nano-biomaterial, is extensively studied, its interaction on the reproductive system following exposure is less exploited. In the present study, male rats were exposed to HAPNPs (300 mg/kg BW) to determine its possible reproductive toxicity. Also, the protective effects of chitosan (CSNPs, 280 mg/kg BW) and/or curcumin (CurNPs, 15 mg/kg BW) nanoparticles against HAPNPs-induced reproductive toxicity were studied. Animals were orally gavage daily with respective doses for 45 consecutive days. The obtained results indicated that HAPNPs caused a significant decrease in sperm count, sperm motility, testosterone hormone, steroidogenic enzymes (17-ketosteroid reductase and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase), and antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) in addition to total antioxidant capacity and reduced glutathione. LH and FSH, abnormal sperm, oxidative stress parameters (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), nitric oxide (NO), and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)), p53, TNFα, and interleukin-6 were significantly increased. The DNA damage was also analyzed by assaying 8-OHdG level which is considered as an indicator of genotoxicity and also suppression of the gene expression of mtTFA, induction of UCP2. Similarly, the histopathological evaluation was also changed following exposure to HAPNPs. The antioxidant activity of CSNPs and CurNPs showed mitigating effect against reproductive deterioration induced by HAPNPs throughout improvements in semen characteristics, sex hormones, inflammatory factors, and antioxidant status. The present study concluded that HAPNPs induced reproductive toxicity and it is important to use nano-antioxidants CSNPs and CurNPs as protective agents. Keywords Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles . Chitosan nanoparticle . Curcumin nanoparticle . Reproductive toxicity . Mitochondria . mTFA . Uncoupling protein . Oxidative damage . 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine . Reactive oxygen species
Introduction Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAPNPs) show an adequate functional bioactive behavior in which the interaction with the physiological medium promotes the formation of a layer Responsible editor: Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim * Mokhtar Ibrahim Yousef [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Environmental Studies, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, 163 Horreya Avenue, Chatby, PO Box 832, Alexandria 21526, Egypt
2
Scientific Consultant at Pharco Company for Pharmaceutical Products, Alexandria, Egypt
3
Department of Biochemistry, Medical Research
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