Research on the Establishment and Collapse of Oxidation-Induced Wear of Steels Under Various Sliding Speeds
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INTRODUCTION
METAL alloys are usually oxidized in air because of their thermodynamic instability. Therefore, during sliding, tribo-oxidation inevitably occurs because of frictional heat and tribo-oxides are produced on the sliding surfaces, especially at higher sliding speed or high temperature. Undoubtedly, the existence of tribo-oxides changes the original metal–metal contact conditions to result in the variation of wear behavior and mechanism. This is so-called oxidation-induced wear.[1–13] Clearly, oxidation-induced wear is usually noticed in various engineering applications. Quinn et al. took the lead in performing intensive research on oxidation-induced wear and proposed a mild oxidation wear model according to a diffusion
BENGUO ZHANG is with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China and also with the School of Mechanical Engineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng 224002, China. WEI JIANG, XIYAN LIU, and SHUQI WANG are with the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University. Contact e-mail: [email protected] SHOUXING ZHU is with Honeywell Technology Solutions China, Shanghai 200120, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected]. Manuscript submitted May 16, 2019.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
law.[1–3] Since then, an extensive research on oxidation-induced wear has been studied. It is universally acknowledged that tribo-oxides form on worn surfaces and prevent the metal–metal adhesion, thus decreasing the wear loss.[4–13] Clearly, tribo-oxides play a decisive role in the mild oxidation wear. Hosung Kong et al. even found that in medium vacuum, tribo-oxides would be produced to protect from wear.[13] Essentially, the mild oxidation wear merely depends on tribo-oxides and has nothing to do with the matrix and its microstructure. However, in some research,[14–16] some different results were reported that did not conform to the mild oxidation wear theory proposed by Quinn. Marui et al. found that the tribo-oxide film was not the predominate factor in determining the wear behavior under a severe condition for the oxidation-induced wear of a hypereutectoid steel.[14] Conversely, hardness reduction and microstructural variation were found to markedly affect the wear behavior. Wang, et al.[15] studied the effect of microstructures on the wear behavior of 1080 steel and found that the various microstructures presented no obvious effect on wear loss for the mild conditions of oxidation-induced wear. However, for the severe conditions of oxidation-induced wear, the various microstructures caused a considerable variation of wear loss. This meant that there was indeed a kind of oxidation-induced wear beyond mild wear. Based on the research on
elevated temperature oxidation-induced wear,[16] Wang et al. first proposed to subdivide oxidation-induced wear into mild oxidation wear and oxidation wear. Mild oxidation wear complies with Quinn’s oxidation wear theory model; oxidation wear is essentially a transition region from mild
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