Resin and volatile content of melamine-impregnated paper assessed by near infrared spectroscopy, a simulation of the ind
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ORIGINAL
Resin and volatile content of melamine‑impregnated paper assessed by near infrared spectroscopy, a simulation of the industrial process using a laboratory‑scale gantry M. Gonçalves1,2 · Marta Ribeiro1,2 · N. T. Paiva2 · J. M. Ferra2 · J. Martins1,3 · F. Magalhães1 · L. Carvalho1,3 Received: 20 December 2019 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Melamine-impregnated paper is an important component in the production of high pressure laminates and melamine faced boards. The two most vital quality control parameters assessed during the production of impregnated paper are resin content and volatile content. This work explored the creation of near-infrared (NIR) reflectance models to assess these parameters. A laboratory scale computer-controlled high-precision table gantry was also tested for two reasons: to create an NIR profile of an impregnated paper sample, and to calibrate NIR models by moving the probe using the gantry while taking a spectrum. The NIR profile obtained using the gantry reveals that distinct spots on the surface of the paper have different NIR spectra. The use of the gantry for model creation shows similar or improved performance when compared to taking triplicate spectra of a sample on discrete areas. The time taken for sample analysis also was lower with the use of the gantry because only one spectrum was needed, instead of three. The gantry also enables the creation of models to be used at an industrial scale, allowing an increased range of reference values while not depending on the industrial process. The method can be used to improve reflectance NIR models of samples with heterogeneous or rough surfaces.
1 Introduction Melamine-impregnated paper is a solution broadly used in the production of high pressure laminates (HPLs) and wood-based panels (Chen et al. 2018; Walia 2019). HPLs are produced by applying high pressure (above 5 MPa) and temperature (above 120 °C) to a set of paper sheets impregnated with thermosetting resins. Usually three layers of paper sheets are applied: a core layer composed of kraft paper sheets impregnated with a phenolic resin, a decorative layer composed of a patterned paper impregnated with Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00107-020-01589-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * L. Carvalho [email protected] 1
Faculdade de Engenharia, LEPABE, Universidade Do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200‑465 Porto, Portugal
2
EuroResinas, Indústrias Químicas SA, 7520‑195 Sines, Portugal
3
DEMad, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504‑510 Viseu, Portugal
melamine–formaldehyde resin, and a protective layer constituted of an overlay paper impregnated with melamine–formaldehyde resin (Hunter 1971; European Standard 2005). The application of melamine-impregnated paper to surfacing wood-based panels, namely in melamine faced boards (MFBs), is also done using temperature and pressure, an
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