Resistance training status modifies inflammatory response to explosive and hypertrophic resistance exercise bouts
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Resistance training status modifies inflammatory response to explosive and hypertrophic resistance exercise bouts Johanna K. Ihalainen 1 & Juha P. Ahtiainen 1 & Simon Walker 1 & Gøran Paulsen 2,3 & Harri Selänne 4 & Mari Hämäläinen 5 & Eeva Moilanen 5 & Heikki Peltonen 1 & Antti A. Mero 1
Received: 28 March 2017 / Accepted: 6 September 2017 # University of Navarra 2017
Abstract The purpose of the present study was to examine the immediate and prolonged immune response in circulating cytokine and adipocytokine concentrations after two different resistance exercise bouts: hypertrophic (HYP1, 5 × 10, 80% of 1RM) and maximal explosive (POW1, 10 × 5, 60% of 1RM) resistance exercise bouts and how 12 weeks of resistance training (RT) modifies these responses (HYP2, POW2). Eight men completed the study. RE-induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra), monocyte-chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), leptin, resistin, and adiponectin were measured before (PRE) and immediately (POST0), 24 (POST24) and 48 (POST48) hours after RE bouts before and after RT. In the untrained state, IL-6 increased immediately after RE in HYP1 (p = 0.002) and in POW1 (p = 0.003) whereas no changes were observed after RT. Similar results were observed in IL1β, whereas conversely, IL-1ra increased only after RT in HYP2 and POW2 (p < 0.05). Resistin increased before RT in HYP1 and in POW1 (p = 0.011 and p = 0.003, respectively), but after RT, significant responses were not observed.
* Johanna K. Ihalainen [email protected]
1
Biology of Physical Activity, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, P.O Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
2
The Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports, Oslo, Norway
3
Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
4
Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
5
The Immunopharmacology Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
Interestingly, in HYP2, MCP-1 increased significantly at POST24 (p = 0.009) and at POST48 (p = 0.032) only following RT. The present study shows that RT modifies RE-induced cytokine responses towards an anti-inflammatory direction. Keywords Initial response . Hypertrophic resistance exercise . Power . Cytokines . Inflammation
Introduction Skeletal muscle is the largest organ in the human body, and ground-breaking work during the last decade has demonstrated that skeletal muscle is an active endocrine organ releasing a host of cytokines [1]. In recent years, studies reporting the acute effects of exercise on cytokines have been published quite extensively, whereas the specific time course of the effect of different resistance exercise protocols on cytokines remains unclear [2]. Cytokines are glycoproteins involved in the regulation and modulation of the immune response, and they are produced by a broad range of cells, including immune cells, skeletal muscle
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