Response of body color change rearing under different light intensity conditions in farmed red spotted grouper, Epinephe
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Response of body color change rearing under different light intensity conditions in farmed red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara Song-Hee Choi1, Byeong-Hoon Kim1 , Chi-Hoon Lee2 and Young-Don Lee1*
Abstract Background: Fish body color is one of the major factors that determine the commercial value of farmed fish, to understand for coloration mechanisms. The expression of melanin-related genes is according to the developmental stage and light intensity in the red spotted grouper, Epinephelus akaara. Methods: To investigate changes in melanin formation and melanin-related genes in the larval development stage, fish larvae were reared from fertilized egg stage to 50 days after hatching (DAH). Experiment of body color changes was performed under each different light intensity conditions. Melanin-related genes expression was analyzed by real-time qPCR, and body coloration difference was represented by RGB (red, green, blue) code value. Results: Expression levels of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) mRNA, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA, and melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) mRNA were at their highest 5 DAH (days after hatching). Expression levels of agoutisignaling protein (ASIP) mRNA were at their highest 10 DAH. Results of body color changes according to changes in light intensity conditions showed that the expression level of MCH mRNA in the 2000 lx group was the highest at 6 weeks. The expression levels of POMC mRNA and MC1R mRNA in the 1000 lx group were at their lowest at 9 weeks. RGB color code value under different light intensities were the brightest under 1000 lx and the darkest under 0 lx. Conclusion: Our research suggests that POMC mRNA and MC1R mRNA in the red spotted grouper are involved in melanin synthesis, and these genes are thought to be controlled by light intensity. To better understand the molecular mechanism of coloration in the red spotted grouper, further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between melanophore development and melanin-related genes. Keywords: Body coloration, Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), Agouti-signaling protein (ASIP), Red spotted grouper
Introduction Melanin is one of the major decision factors about hair and body color in vertebrate including human (Fujii 2000). It is synthesized in the melanosomes of melanocytes and affects skin and body color. Melanin cells receive external signals, such as from hormones and ultraviolet rays, that vitalize * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 695-965, Republic of Korea Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
receptors. Oxidation of tyrosine is increased in melanosomes and the resulting tyrosinase induces melanin synthesis in the melanosomes (Seiji et al. 1963; Korner and Pawelek 1982; Kobayashi et al. 1994). Melanin transports through the dendrites of melanin cells to the skin’s keratinocyte layer. Melanin protects skin tissues from cell
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