RETRACTED ARTICLE: Light hydrocarbon geochemistry: insight into oils/condensates families and inferred source rocks of t
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Light hydrocarbon geochemistry: insight into oils/condensates families and inferred source rocks of the Woodford–Mississippian tight oil play in North‑Central Oklahoma, USA Ting Wang1,2 · Dong‑Lin Zhang1 · Xiao‑Yong Yang1 · Jing‑Qian Xu1 · Coffey Matthew3 · You‑Jun Tang1 Received: 19 September 2019 / Published online: 20 April 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract The Woodford–Mississippian “Commingled Production” is a prolific unconventional hydrocarbon play in Oklahoma, USA. The tight reservoirs feature variations in produced fluid chemistry usually explained by different possible source rocks. Such chemical variations are regularly obtained from bulk, molecular, and isotopic characteristics. In this study, we present a new geochemical investigation of gasoline range hydrocarbons, biomarkers, and diamondoids in oils from Mississippian carbonate and Woodford Shale. A set of oil/condensate samples were examined using high-performance gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. The result of the condensates from the Anadarko Basin shows a distinct geochemical fingerprint reflected in light hydrocarbon characterized by heptane star diagrams, convinced by biomarker characteristics and diamantane isomeric distributions. Two possible source rocks were identified, the Woodford Shale and Mississippian mudrocks, with a variable degree of mixing. Thermal maturity based on light hydrocarbon parameters indicates that condensates from the Anadarko Basin are of the highest maturity, followed by “Old” Woodford-sourced oils and central Oklahoma tight oils. These geochemical parameters shed light on petroleum migration within Devonian–Mississippian petroleum systems and mitigate geological risk in exploring and developing petroleum reservoirs. Keywords Tight oil · Tight condensate · Woodford Shale · Mississippian limestone · Light hydrocarbon geochemistry · Anadarko Basin
1 Introduction Woodford Shale has not only been proven to be an excellent source rock charging conventional reservoirs in Kansas and Oklahoma (Comer and Hinch 1987; Burruss and Hatch 1989; Philp et al. 1989; Jones and Philp 1990; Comer 1992; Wang and Philp 1997), but also a frontier for unconventional resource play exploration and production. In areas straddling between the basin and shelf, like the Cana-Woodford Play, Edited by Jie Hao * You‑Jun Tang [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources (Yangtze University), Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430100, Hubei, China
2
School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
3
Devon Energy Corporation, Oklahoma City, OK 73102, USA
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the Woodford produces wet gas and condensates. The oil has been commingled produced from the Woodford/Mississippian strata since 2010 on the Anadarko Shelf and Cherokee Platform. Many studies suggest that the Woodford Shale accounts for more than 85% of commercial oil produced from conventional reservoirs in Oklahoma and Kansas (Welte et al. 1975; Lewan et al. 1979; Rebe
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