RETRACTED ARTICLE: Mononuclear Cu Complexes Based on Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbene: A Comprehensive Review
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Mononuclear Cu Complexes Based on Nitrogen Heterocyclic Carbene: A Comprehensive Review Sina Matavos‑Aramyan1 · Sadaf Soukhakian1 · Mohammad Hossein Jazebizadeh1 Received: 6 February 2020 / Accepted: 16 April 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract During the last decade, organometallic, coordination, and catalytic chemistry of the three-dimensional metals such as copper (Cu) has been greatly affected by the emergence of nitrogen heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes. The NHCs, and in particular the mononuclear CuI-based ones, have been proven vastly useful in several applications such as in biosynthesis, catalysis, photochemistry, etc. This review tries to thoroughly describe a series of mononuclear C uI NHC complexes and their subcategories such as heteroleptics, and bidentate and tridentate heteroatom complexes, and give some detailed insights on their development, emergence, and applications. A brief outlook is also disclosed to enable other researchers to further develop a platform for future advances and studies in the field of CuI-based NHCs. Keywords Copper · NHC · Nitrogen heterocyclic · Carbene · Complexes Abbreviations 3c-2e Three-center two-electron ac Alternating current acac Acetylacetonate Ad Adamantyl aNHC Abnormal (mesoionic) N-heterocyclic carbene Ar Aryl av Average BAC Bis(diisopropylamino)cyclopropenylidene BArF4 Tetrakis(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)borate [B(cat)]2 Bis(catecholato)diboron BDE Bond dissociation energy BINAP 2,2′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-Binaphthyl * Sina Matavos‑Aramyan [email protected] 1
Research and Development Department, Division of Chemistry, Raazi Environmental Protection Foundation, Shiraz, Iran
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bipy Bipyridine BOC Protecting group [tert-butoxycarbonyle] Bn Benzyl [B(pin)]2 Bis(pinacolato)diboron cAAC Cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene Cl2IPr 4,5-Dichloro-1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene COD Cyclooctadiene CODH Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase Cp Cyclopentadienyl Cp* C5Me5 [pentamethylcyclopentadienyl] CuAAC Cu azide–alkyne cycloaddition CV Cyclic voltammetry Cy Cyclohexyl DABCO 1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane DAC N,N′-Diamidocarbene damb Diaminobenzene dan 1,8-Diaminonaphthalene dc Direct-current D(CHPh2)P 2,6-(Diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl Dep 2,6-Diethylphenyl depp 1,3-Bis(diethylphosphino)propane DFT Density functional theory DHepP 2,6-Di(heptan-4-yl)phenyl DiPP 2,6-Diisopropylphenyl DME 1,2-Dimethoxyethane DMF Dimethylformamide Dmp 2,6-Dimesitylphenyl dmpe 1,2-Bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane dmpm 1,2-Bis(dimethylphosphino)methane DMSO Dimethyl sulfoxide DOSY Diffusion-ordered spectroscopy DPEphos Bis[(2-diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether DPenP 2,6-Di(pentan-3-yl)phenyl dppe 1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane dppf 1,1′-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene dppp 1,3-Bis(diphenylphosphino)propane DTA/TG Differential thermal analysis/thermogravimetry Dvtms DiVinyltetramethyldisiloxane e Electron EPR Electr
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