Retrospective analysis of HIV-1 drug resistance mutations in Suzhou, China from 2009 to 2014
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Retrospective analysis of HIV‑1 drug resistance mutations in Suzhou, China from 2009 to 2014 Yanhui Song1 · Jingping Hu2 · Jun He1 · Chunsheng Dong2 · Ying Yuan1 · Yuan Li1 · Ronghua Li1 · Xuerong Ya3 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 27 May 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, we investigated drug resistance levels in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1-infected patients in Suzhou by retrospectively analyzing this property and the characteristics of circulating HIV-1 strains collected from 2009 to 2014. A total of 261 HIV-1-positive plasma samples, confirmed by the Suzhou CDC, were collected and evaluated to detect HIV-1 drug resistance genotypes using an in-house method. The pol gene fragment was amplified, and its nucleic acid sequence was determined by Sanger sequencing. Drug resistance mutations were then analyzed using the Stanford University HIV resistance database (https: //hivdb. stanfo rd.edu). A total of 216 pol gene fragments were amplified and sequenced with 16.7% (36/216) of sequences revealing these mutations. The drug resistance rates of protease, nucleoside reverse transcriptase, and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) were 4/36 (11.1%), 2/36 (5.6%), and 30/36 (83.3%), respectively. Five surveillance drug resistance mutations were found in 36 sequences, of which, three were found among specimens of men who have sex with men. Potential low-level resistance accounted for 33% of amino acid mutations associated with NNRTIs. Two of the mutations, M230L and L100I, which confer a high level of resistance efavirenz (EFV) and nevirapine (NVP) used as NNRTIs for first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART), were detected in this study. Therefore, when HIV-1 patients in Suzhou are administered fist-line ART, much attention should be paid to the status of these mutations that cause resistance to EVP, EFV, and NVP. Keywords HIV-1 · Epidemiology · Drug resistance mutation · Antiretroviral therapy · China
Introduction
Communicated by Wolfram H. Gerlich. Yanhui Song and Jingping Hu have contributed equally to this work Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-020-01774-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yanhui Song [email protected] 1
Center of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Clinic Bldg, Rm 201, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou 215031, China
2
The Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
3
Suzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Suzhou, China
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is among the most effective methods for treating acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), which is caused by human immune deficiency virus (HIV) infection [1]. The implementation of ART can not only inhibit viral replication and reconstitute immune function in HIV-infected persons, but also significantly improves their q
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