Revealing hidden drivers of macrofungal species richness by analyzing fungal guilds in temperate forests, West Hungary
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Revealing hidden drivers of macrofungal species richness by analyzing fungal guilds in temperate forests, West Hungary Gergely Kutszegi1 · Irén Siller2 · Bálint Dima3 · Zsolt Merényi4 · Torda Varga4 · Katalin Takács5 · Gábor Turcsányi2 · András Bidló6 · Péter Ódor7 Received: 29 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract We explored the most influential stand-scaled drivers of ectomycorrhizal, terricolous saprotrophic, and wood-inhabiting (main functional groups) macrofungal species richness in mixed forests by applying regression models. We tested 67 potential explanatory variables representing tree species composition, stand structure, soil and litter conditions, microclimate, landscape structure, and management history. Within the main functional groups, we formed and modeled guilds and used their drivers to more objectively interpret the drivers of the main functional groups. Terricolous saprotrophic fungi were supported by air humidity and litter mass. Ectomycorrhizal fungi were suppressed by high soil nitrogen content and high air temperature. Wood saprotrophs were enhanced by litter pH (deciduous habitats), deadwood cover, and beech proportion. Wood saprotrophic guilds were determined often by drivers with hidden effects on all wood saprotrophs: non-parasites: total deadwood cover; parasites: beech proportion; white rotters: litter pH; brown rotters: air temperature (negatively); endophytes: beech proportion; early ruderals: deciduous stands that were formerly meadows; combative invaders: deciduous tree taxa; heart rotters: coarse woody debris; late stage specialists: deciduous deadwood. Terricolous saprotrophic cord formers positively responded to litter mass. Studying the drivers of guilds simultaneously, beech was a keystone species to maintain fungal diversity in the region, and coniferous stands would be more diverse by introducing deciduous tree species. Guilds were determined by drivers different from each other underlining their different functional roles and segregated substrate preferences. Modeling guilds of fungal species with concordant response to the environment would be powerful to explore and understand the functioning of fungal communities. Keywords Ectomycorrhizal fungi · Environmental driver · Macrofungal guild · Species richness · Terricolous saprotrophic fungi · Wood-inhabiting fungi Abbreviations AL Ammonium lactate ANOVA Analysis of variance CWD Coarse woody debris DBH Diameter at breast height DW Dead wood ECM Ectomycorrhizal Nomenclature: MycoBank (www.mycobank.org, accessed 19–20 April 2019). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s42974-020-00031-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gergely Kutszegi [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
FWD Fine woody debris GLM Generalized linear model ŐNP Őrség National Park
Introduction To understand biodiversity,
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