Reverse Transformation of Deformation-Induced Phases and Associated Changes in the Microstructure of Explosively Clad Ti
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The development of a sound intermetallic-free joint between Ti-5Ta-2Nb and 304L SS is therefore of high importance for achieving good performance. This dissimilar joint was fabricated using explosive cladding,[2] a solid-state welding technique. Earlier studies[3–5] revealed that good bond strength could be attained for both similar and dissimilar explosive clads. However, extensive modification in the microstructure of the base materials due to (a) dynamic recrystallization, (b) twinning, and (c) formation of strain-induced phases could not be avoided. Based on detailed investigations on ‘as clad’ Ti-5Ta-2Nb/304L SS explosive clads,[6,7] the following inferences have been drawn by the authors. •
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The Ti-5Ta-2Nb alloy due to its excellent corrosion resistance and adequate mechanical properties was a candidate structural material for service in concentrated nitric acid environments.[1] 304L austenitic stainless steel (304L SS) with adequate corrosion resistance has been selected for components in non-oxidizing conditions.
T.N. PRASANTHI, Scientific Officer-D, is with the Microscopy and Thermo-Physical Property Division (MTPD), Physical Metallurgy Group (PMG), Metallurgy and Materials Group (MMG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), and also Ph.D. Scholar with the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), Mumbai, India. C. SUDHA, Scientific Officer-F, is with the Microscopy and Thermo-Physical Property Division (MTPD), Physical Metallurgy Group (PMG), Metallurgy and Materials Group (MMG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). Contact e-mail: [email protected] S. MURUGESAN, Scientific Officer-F, and V. THOMAS PAUL, Scientific Officer-E, are with the Materials Synthesis & Structural Characterization Division, Physical Metallurgy Group (PMG), Metallurgy and Materials Group (MMG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR). S. SAROJA, Scientific Officer-H+, Head, is with the Microscopy and Thermo-Physical Property Division (MTPD), Physical Metallurgy Group (PMG), Metallurgy and Materials Group (MMG), Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), and also Professor with the Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI). Manuscript submitted April 23, 2014. METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
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Explosive clad fabricated with optimized experimental parameters (flyer plate velocity, detonation velocity, stand-off distance, and nature of the explosive) had a wavy interface containing isolated pockets of sub-micron-sized intermetallic phases. The clad had adequate bond strength when the tensile axis was parallel to the interface, whereas the bend ductility was inadequate in the perpendicular direction. Both 304L SS and Ti-5Ta-2Nb had undergone deformation-induced phase transformation subsequent to explosive cladding. The presence of metastable a¢(bcc) and e(hcp) martensite in SS and fcc phase in the Ti alloy,[6] with volume fraction exceeding 0.6, was established by XRD Rietveld analysis. Post-cladding, 304L SS exhibited higher t
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