Reversible Colloidal Crystallization
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MRS Advances © 2020 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2020.286
Reversible Colloidal Crystallization Naveen Kuriakose1,†, Pallavi Bapat1,§, Harriet Lindsay2, and John Texter1,* 1
Coatings Research Institute and School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA 2 Department of Chemistry, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI 48197, USA † Present Address: Chem-Trend, 1445 McPherson Park Dr, Howell, MI 48843, USA § Present Address: BASF Corporation, 26701 Telegraph Road, Southfield, MI 48033, USA
ABSTRACT
We report 3D colloidal self-assembly (crystallization) of poly(ionic liquid) latexes to produce crystals that exhibit reversible melting and recrystallization in water, due to “classical” interparticle interactions, typical of multifunctional polymers. These new materials are derived from an ionic liquid monomer that is polymerized at room temperature by redox-initiated polymerization. Particle synthesis, self-assembly, thermal properties, and introductory light diffraction effects are reported with a focus on melting. These crystals are distinguishable from classical colloidal crystalline arrays, and are the first such crystals to exhibit thermal melting. This new hydrogel offers promise for engineering large volume production of photonic crystals active in the visible and proximal spectral regions, by crystallization from suspension (solution), characteristic of most useful chemical compounds.
INTRODUCTION Colloidal crystals that diffract visible light have been fabricated by assembling polymeric and inorganic particles [1-3] and by self-assembly of charge stabilized colloids in low ionic strength media [4]. Early examples of colloidal crystals based on hexagonally closepacked (fcc) structures have been prepared by highly activated processes [5]. More recently dense colloidal crystals surface modified with single-stranded DNA have been obtained by an appropriate annealing regimen [6,7], and diverse stoichiometries and structures have been realized. However, thermal “melting” of such materials are simply 1
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driven by double-stranded DNA melting, a fundamentally second-order type of phase transition (chemical equilibrium or continuous transition). Mass production of photonic crystals as self-assembled low-defect structures has proven to be daunting, and to date, conventional interparticle interactions comprising dispersion, polar, electrostatic, and hydrogen bond forces have not been harnessed to systematically make such materials. In this preliminary report we examine making some nanolatexes of a poly(ionic liquid), PIL, by microemulsion polymerization, a particular type of dispersion polymerization. Ionic liquids are organic salts that melt below 100C [8], and the syntheses and application of ionic liquid monomers to make PIL ha
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