Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries
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中华医学会神经外科学分会 CHINESE MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
CHINESE NEUROSURGICAL SOCIETY
REVIEW
Open Access
Review of global neurosurgery education: Horizon of Neurosurgery in the Developing Countries Y. Kato1*, B. S. Liew2*, A. A. Sufianov3,4, L. Rasulic5, K. I. Arnautovic6, V. H. Dong7, I. S. Florian8, F. Olldashi9, Y. Makhambetov10, B. Isam3, M. Thu11, Ts. Enkhbayar12, N. Kumarasinghe13, A. H. Bajamal14, S. Nair15, S. Sharif16, M. R. Sharma17, J. A. Landeiro18, C. G. Yampolsky19, N. M. F. El-Ghandour20, A. M. Hossain21, S. Sim22, S. Chemate23, Hira Burhan24, L. Feng25, H. Andrade26 and Isabelle M. Germano27
Abstract Globally, the discipline of neurosurgery has evolved remarkably fast. Despite being one of the latest medical specialties, which appeared only around hundred years ago, it has witnessed innovations in the aspects of diagnostics methods, macro and micro surgical techniques, and treatment modalities. Unfortunately, this development is not evenly distributed between developed and developing countries. The same is the case with neurosurgical education and training, which developed from only traditional apprentice programs in the past to more structured, competencebased programs with various teaching methods being utilized, in recent times. A similar gap can be observed between developed and developing counties when it comes to neurosurgical education. Fortunately, most of the scholars working in this field do understand the coherent relationship between neurosurgical education and neurosurgical practice. In context to this understanding, a symposium was organized during the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) Special World Congress Beijing 2019. This symposium was the brain child of Prof. Yoko Kato—one of the eminent leaders in neurosurgery and an inspiration for female neurosurgeons. Invited speakers from different continents presented the stages of development of neurosurgical education in their respective countries. This paper summarizes the outcome of these presentations, with particular emphasis on and the challenges faced by developing countries in terms of neurosurgical education and strategies to cope with these challenges. Keywords: Global neurosurgical education, Developing countries
Background Starting around a hundred years ago, the field of neurosurgery has experienced marked evolution on diagnostic modalities, microsurgical techniques, microsurgical adjuncts, and adjuvant therapies as part of the overall management of neurological diseases during the last few decades. Similar * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Hospital Sungai Buloh, Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
advances have also taken place in the sectors of neurosurgical training and education. To highlight these advances and their global scenario, a symposium was conducted at the World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (W
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