Principles of Pediatric Neurosurgery
The incidence of primary malignant and nonmalignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years in the US is 5.42 per 100,000, and approximately 4620 new cases are expected to be diagnosed in the US in 2015 (Ostrom et a
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Brain Tumors in Children
Amar Gajjar • Gregory H. Reaman Judy M. Racadio • Franklin O. Smith Editors
Brain Tumors in Children
Editors Amar Gajjar Department of Oncology St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital Memphis, TN USA Judy M. Racadio Cincinnati, OH USA
Gregory H. Reaman Children’s National Medical Center George Washington University Silver Spring, WA USA Franklin O. Smith Medpace Cincinnati, OH USA
ISBN 978-3-319-43203-8 ISBN 978-3-319-43205-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43205-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946696 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
Preface
Brain tumor programs are like orchestras—several components all working together seamlessly to provide optimal clinical care and conduct basic, translational, and clinical research, and thus advance the field. The last decade has witnessed unprecedented advances in the field of neuro-oncology that have impacted the entire practice of treating children with brain tumors. Using modern molecular technologies that have facilitated a unique insight into the genomic make up of pediatric brain tumors, we have gained in-depth knowledge into the genetic heterogeneity of these tumors. This knowledge has also generated a new classification that is gradually being implemented by the World Health Organization (WHO). The fields of neurosurgery, neuroimaging, and radiation oncology have witnessed technological advances that have revolutionized how these modalities have been deployed in the treatment of children. The introduction of targeted therapies based on tumor molecular profiling has injected
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