Review of studies mapping from quality of life or clinical measures to EQ-5D: an online database
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REVIEW
Open Access
Review of studies mapping from quality of life or clinical measures to EQ-5D: an online database Helen Dakin
Abstract Systematic literature searches were conducted to identify studies that conducted statistical mapping to predict EQ-5D utilities or responses from any source instrument and reported the estimated algorithms in sufficient detail to allow other researchers to use them to predict EQ-5D in other studies. Ninety studies reporting 121 mapping algorithms met the inclusion criteria. The studies estimated EQ-5D utilities from 80 source instruments. All but two studies included direct utility mapping to predict EQ-5D utilities, while 20 studies (22%) conducted response mapping to predict responses to each EQ-5D domain. Seventy-two studies (80%) explored ordinary least squares regression and 16 (18%) used censored least absolute deviations (CLAD) models. The details of the studies identified are made available in an online database, which will be updated regularly to enable researchers to easily identify studies that can help them to estimate utilities for economic evaluation. Keywords: EuroQoL, EQ-5D, Utility, Mapping, Crosswalking, Health-related quality of life
Introduction Estimation of quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) for economic evaluation requires data on health-related quality of life on a preference-based “utility” scale that captures preferences about the values of different health states on a scale from one (perfect health) through zero (death) to negative values (states worse than dead). Although several such preference-based quality of life measures have been developed, EQ-5D (EuroQoL) is the most commonly used [1] and some health technology assessment organisations (including the UK National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE [2]) specifically request that EQ-5D is used in all economic evaluations submitted to them to ensure comparability between studies. Since many studies collect data on non-preferencebased measures of quality of life or clinical symptoms, but not EQ-5D, there is substantial demand for mapping algorithms that use statistical analyses to predict EQ-5D responses or utilities from responses or scores on other measures. Although other reviews of mapping studies have been conducted previously [3-8], at least 40 studies Correspondence: [email protected] Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
have been published since even the most recent study [7] was conducted and many older studies are also omitted from these previous reviews. An up-to-date, publicly-available database of mapping studies would help researchers to identify studies mapping between the instruments of interest, which is currently difficult, as there is no specific Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) term, several different terms used in the literature (e.g. mapping, mapped, crosswalk and regression) and many studies are published only as discussion or conference papers. It
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