Revisiting the Ghrelin Changes Following Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery
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REVIEW
Revisiting the Ghrelin Changes Following Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Carlota Tuero 1,2 & Victor Valenti 1,2,3,4 & Fernando Rotellar 1,2,3,4 & Manuel F. Landecho 1,5 & Javier A. Cienfuegos 1,2,3,4 & Gema Frühbeck 1,3,4,6
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Since the description of ghrelin in 1999, several studies have dug into the effects of this hormone and its relationship with bariatric surgery. While some aspects are still unresolved, a clear connection between ghrelin and the changes after metabolic surgery have been established. Besides weight loss, a significant amelioration in obesity-related comorbidities following surgery has also been reported. These changes in patients occur in the early postoperative period, before the weight loss appears, so that amelioration may be mainly due to hormonal changes. The purpose of this review is to go through the current body of knowledge of ghrelin’s physiology, as well as to update and clarify the changes that take place in ghrelin concentrations following bariatric/ metabolic surgery together with their potential consolidation to outcomes. Keywords Ghrelin . Diet-induced obesity . Bariatric/metabolic surgery . Comorbidity resolution
Introduction The description of ghrelin in 1999 opened up the field of gastrointestinal hormones participating in appetite control [1]. Subsequently, ghrelin has been also identified as one of the gut-derived hormones involved in changes after bariatric surgery [2]. However, the body of evidence generated so far has not been able to clearly establish the exact role of the changes in ghrelin following bariatric surgery and their relationship with the observed outcomes and their chronology after the surgical interventions. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to provide an accurate and balanced view of the physiological regulation of
* Carlota Tuero [email protected] * Gema Frühbeck [email protected] Victor Valenti [email protected] Fernando Rotellar [email protected]
ghrelin first, in order to better analyse the changes in ghrelin after bariatric and metabolic surgery as well as to better understand the outcomes observed. This approach provides novel insights together with an improved understanding of the specific pathophysiological conditions changed by the interventions and the surgery-induced effects of ghrelin.
Methods Briefly, we searched from 1999 the Pubmed/MEDLINE database using the following Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) 1
Obesity Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 36, 31008 Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
2
Department of Surgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
3
CIBEROBN, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain
4
Obesity and Adipobiology Group, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
5
Department of Internal Medicine, General Health Check-up unit, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
6
Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
Manuel F. Landecho [email protected] Jav
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