Reward history impacts attentional orienting and inhibitory control on untrained tasks
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Reward history impacts attentional orienting and inhibitory control on untrained tasks Kristin N. Meyer 1
&
Margaret A. Sheridan 1 & Joseph B. Hopfinger 1
# The Psychonomic Society, Inc. 2020
Abstract It has been robustly shown that stimuli with reward history receive attentional priority. However, the majority of this research tests reward history effects on attentional bias using similar tasks for both the reward learning phase and the unrewarded testing phase, which limits our understanding of how the effects of reward history generalize beyond the trained tasks and mental sets. Across two new experiments, the current study addresses these issues by first associating reward with a stimulus in a visual search paradigm, and then testing value-driven effects of that stimulus in untrained and unrewarded tasks, including a cueing paradigm, a go/no-go task, and a delay discounting task. Results of Experiment 1 demonstrate that history of reward association in a visual search task generalizes to value-driven attentional bias in a different attention paradigm (i.e., cueing), indicating these effects are indeed attributable to imbued value that can transfer to other tasks beyond that in which the reward was trained. The results of Experiment 2 demonstrate that in addition to eliciting attentional orienting on untrained tasks, reward history can lead to better inhibitory control in the go/no-go task. We find no evidence for reward history effects in the delay discounting task. Together, these experiments demonstrate that when the reward association task is in the attention domain, reward history modulates attentional priority, and this effect generalizes to untrained and unrewarded tasks that utilize both spatial and nonspatial attention. Keywords Attention in learning . Inhibition . Cognitive and attentional control
Reward is crucial for shaping cognition and behavior. Rewards influence what we approach, choose, crave, and pay attention to (Berridge & Robinson, 2016; Guitart-Masip, Talmi, & Dolan, 2010; Krieglmeyer, Deutsch, De Houwer, & De Raedt, 2010; Pessoa & Engelmann, 2010). It has been well established that enhanced visual processing and attentional engagement are exhibited for stimuli predicting reward receipt (Bourgeois, Chelazzi, & Vuilleumier, 2016; Della Libera & Chelazzi, 2009; Pessoa & Engelmann, 2010; Serences, 2008; van den Berg, Krebs, Lorist, & Woldorff, 2014). More recent work suggests that after repeated association with reward, a stimulus can be imbued with value such that it receives attentional priority even after the prospect of reward is no longer available, a phenomenon termed value-driven attentional Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.3758/s13414-020-02130-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Kristin N. Meyer [email protected] 1
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
priority (Anderson, Laurent, & Yantis, 2011b; Anderson &
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