Rice Grain Freshness Measurement Using Rapid Visco Analyzer and Chemometrics
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Rice Grain Freshness Measurement Using Rapid Visco Analyzer and Chemometrics Sakunna Wongsaipun 1,2 & Chanida Krongchai 1,2 & Jaroon Jakmunee 1,3 & Sila Kittiwachana 1,3,4
Received: 14 April 2017 / Accepted: 27 August 2017 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2017
Abstract This research developed a rapid and accurate method based on the use of rapid visco analyzer (RVA) for predicting the storage time of rice grain. Freshly harvested rice samples, five waxy and five non-waxy rice grains, were stored in paddy form at ambient room temperature (28–32 °C) for 1 year. During storage, the RVA profiles of the rice samples were recorded every month. In addition, physicochemical properties, such as alkali spreading value (ASV), amylose content, gel consistency, stickiness, and hardness, were measured. Chemometric models including partial least squares (PLS) regression and supervised self-organizing map (supervised SOM) were employed for predicting the storage time based on the use of the RVA profiles, the physicochemical parameters, and both of the datasets simultaneously. In most cases, PLS outperformed supervised SOM. The PLS models established using the RVA profiles provided the best predictive results with root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV) = 1.2, cross-validated explained variance (Q 2 ) = 0.90, and the ratio of prediction to deviation (RPD) = 3.2. Based on partial least squares-variable influence on projection (PLS-VIP), pasting properties, including peak viscosity (PV) and final viscosity (FV), were identified as the
* Sila Kittiwachana [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
2
Graduate School, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
3
Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
4
Environmental Science Research Center (ESRC), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
parameters having strong influence on the prediction models. The developed method detecting the rheological change of the stored rice samples was simple and could be performed quickly with no additional chemicals required. Keywords Rice freshness . Aged rice . Rapid visco analyzer (RVA) . Pasting property . Chemometrics
Introduction Rice is an important food for people in many countries. Many Asians consume rice as an essential part of everyday meals. However, in many parts of the tropics, rice can only be harvested once a year due to the environmental condition. Also, many rice cultivars are photosensitive plants meaning that they have a limited growing season during the year. Therefore, rice grain should be stored in a barn or warehouse after harvested. During storage, rice properties such as head rice yield, pasting, volume expansion, and water adsorption could change (Keawpeng and Venkatachalam 2015). This causes alternation in the cooking quality of rice, in particular, its flavor and texture. For example, cooked rice prepared from aged rice has a harde
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