Rice Yield and Physiological Characteristics Under Different Panicle Nitrogen Application Timings in Northeast China
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Rice Yield and Physiological Characteristics Under Different Panicle Nitrogen Application Timings in Northeast China Dandan Jin1,2 • Jifen Yang2 • Wenzhong Zhang2 • Wentao Sun1 • Jiping Gao2 Peng Jiang3 • Ziang Li2 • Jun Yi2
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Received: 18 December 2017 / Revised: 8 January 2020 / Accepted: 11 January 2020 The National Academy of Sciences, India 2020
Abstract Optional nitrogen (N) application management plays an important role in high yield of rice. The results of this study indicated that the grain yield and related physiological indexes were significantly affected by panicle N application timings for conventional japonica rice and hybrid japonica rice. Increasing the number of panicles is an effective method for improving rice yield in Northeast, China. In addition, delaying the timing of spikelet-protecting fertilizer application appropriately might be of great benefit for improving the yield potential of rice. Keywords Glutamine synthetase Nitrate reductase Soluble protein content Yield
Nitrogen (N) addition is one of the best methods for high rice yield [1, 2]. Rational N application could increase the Dandan Jin and Jifen Yang contributed equally to this work. & Wenzhong Zhang [email protected] & Wentao Sun [email protected] 1
Plant Nutrition and Environmental Resources Research Institute, Liaoning Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenyang 110161, Liaoning, China
2
Rice Research Institute of Shenyang Agricultural University/ Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Education/Key Laboratory of Northeast Rice Biology and Genetics and Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture/Key Laboratory of Northern Japonica Rice Breeding, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
3
Liaoning Branch of Training School of Meterological Cadres in China, Meteorological Administration, Shengyang 110166, China
number of panicles and panicle size [3]. Therefore, optimum N application and optional N management are urgently needed to increase rice yield [4, 5]. The total N level and N application ratio had large effects on rice yield [6, 7]. The main portion of N should be applied relatively later in the growing season than is currently practiced [8, 9]. Former N moved backward could inhibit tillering to some extent and reduce N uptake before the jointing stage, but the yield could be increased by the augmentation of total grains per ear and N uptake at the jointing and booting stage [10]. To ensure optimal rice yield, N fertilizer is often top-dressed two to three times during the mid- and late-growth stages [11]. Previous studies examining the effects of panicle N applications on rice yield were based on the level and ratio of N fertilizer. There was, however, limited information available on panicle N application timing for rice in Northeast, China. Furthermore, in-depth research was rarely conducted and struggled to explain the physiological effects. The objectives of our research were to: (1) determine the optimal leaf stage of panicle N application to obtain high rice yi
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