Synthesis and investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, conductivity and humidity sensing properties of Cr 3+
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Synthesis and investigation of structural, dielectric, impedance, conductivity and humidity sensing properties of Cr3+‑substituted Mg–Zn ferrite nanoparticle Tuğba Şaşmaz Kuru1 Received: 16 February 2020 / Accepted: 20 April 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, structural, dielectric, impedance and humidity properties of Cr3+-doped Mg–Zn ferrite, produced by coprecipitation method, have been investigated. Structural, morphological and compositional analyses were studied by XRD, SEM and EDX, respectively. The X-ray diffraction result shows that M g0.75Zn0.25Cr0.2Fe1.8O4 crystallizes in the cubic spinel structure with the space group of Fd3m. The lattice constant and crystal size of the sample were calculated as 8.4046 Å and 11.29 nm. The dielectric and impedance properties were investigated in the frequency range between 20 and 10 MHz and in the temperature range from 290 to 710 K. The dielectric results are supported by Maxwell–Wagner polarization principles. Relaxation mechanism of the sample is explained by Nyquist graph. According to the impedance results, relaxation process is compatible with Cole–Cole model. The conductivity mechanism of the sample is explained by the mechanism of correlated barrier hopping (CBH) model. Finally, the humidity sensing properties of sample were investigated by impedance measurements in the range of 25–90 RH % at room temperature. Keywords Cr3+-substituted Mg–Zn ferrites · Dielectric properties · Impedance · AC conductivity · Humidity
1 Introduction For the last decades, it is desired to increase the various properties of the materials used in science and technology by producing them in nanoscale [1]. Among the nanomaterials, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) attract researchers’ attention due to their unique physicochemical and magnetic properties, controllable size, shape, composition, crystal structure and surface modification [2]. Spinel ferrite nanoparticles from the magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) family have become the center of extreme attention due to their remarkable properties such as high resistance, low dielectric and magnetic loss, chemical stability, high Curie temperature and high quality factor. [3–10]. Therefore, various ferrite nanoparticles have been produced, and their properties have been investigated for years. The general formula of spinel ferrite nanoparticles is defined as MFe2O4 where M * Tuğba Şaşmaz Kuru [email protected] 1
Vocational School of Health Services, Radiotherapy Program, İstanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkey
denotes the metal cations. The distribution of metal cations in tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites affects the general properties of spinel ferrites [11]. In Mg–Zn ferrites, Mg ions are occupied in octahedral (B) sites, while Zn ions are located on tetrahedral (A) sites [12, 13]. Recently, numerous studies have increased the interest in mixed ferrites to improve the properties of ferrite materials. In addition to examine Mg and Zn ferrites separately, Mg–
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