Risk assessment to health and human safety in an urban basin in northeastern Brazil
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Risk assessment to health and human safety in an urban basin in northeastern Brazil Iana Chaiene de Araujo Vidal 1 & Rui de Oliveira 1 & Mônica de Amorim Coura 1 & Ruth Silveira do Nascimento 2 & Igor Souza Ogata 3 & Francisco das Chagas da Costa Filho 1 & Sinara Martins Camelo 1 Received: 10 January 2020 / Accepted: 6 July 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The purpose of this work was to carry out a risk assessment of human health and safety associated with the dangers encountered in an urban basin located in Campina Grande, the State of Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, called the Prado Basin, through the method of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA). As a subsidy to the study, laboratory analyses of drainage water were performed at eight points distributed along the Prado Canal, a canal of the study area, to verify its quality and subsequent influence on the population’s health. It was verified that the risk of effluent discharge pollution stood out from the others, accounting for almost 50% of the total risk of the system. In the risk ranges, this was classified in points six and seven as critical and in points two, three, and four as high risk, which implies the urgency of adopting measures that minimize or resolve this risk at these points. In general, it was found that points six and seven totaled the highest sum of individual risks, suggesting the adoption of short-term preventive and corrective measures in the aforementioned points. Keywords Basin urban . Risk assessment . FMEA methodology . Environmental health
Introduction Global attention has been directed towards environmental degradation due to the threat it poses to living creatures and also the quality of life. Agricultural activities, industrialization, and uncontrolled urbanization have emerged as a prime contributor to the rising environmental pollution affecting human lives (Emenike et al. 2019). Natural systems react to human actions through components of the landscape, such as vegetation cover, climate, soil, relief, and water resources. Unseemly anthropic actions Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya * Iana Chaiene de Araujo Vidal [email protected] 1
Postgraduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Campina Grande, Street Aprígio Veloso, n° 882, University district, Campina Grande 58428-830, PB, Brazil
2
State University of Paraíba, Street Baraúnas, n° 351, University district, Campina Grande, PB 58429-500, Brazil
3
State University of Paraíba, Avenue Colonel Pedro Targino, s/n, Araruna 58233-000, PB, Brazil
combined with the fragilities of the environments maximize the harmful effects to nature as a whole (Valle et al. 2016). Relationships between health and the environment, henceforth environmental health, treat the life forms, substances, and conditions around the human being that can exert some influence on their health and well-being, determined by physical, chemical, biological, social, and psychological factors (Rodrigues 2014). With r
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