Role of LCF scale as an outcome prognostic index in patients with traumatic brain injury
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Role of LCF scale as an outcome prognostic index in patients with traumatic brain injury Elena Rossato 1
&
Elisabetta Verzini 1 & Michele Scandola 2 & Federico Ferrari 1 & Silvia Bonadiman 1
Received: 9 February 2020 / Accepted: 22 October 2020 # Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2020
Abstract The disabling effects of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) present a significant healthcare concern to developed countries. In order to achieve a reliable prognosis, validated assessment scales are used to monitor the cognitive outcome, like the Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale, or the overall functional outcome, namely the Functional Independence Measure and Glasgow Outcome Scale. The aim of our study was to evaluate the role of Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale (LCF) as an outcome prognostic index in patients with TBI. Materials and methods Fifty-four patients with TBI with a mean age of 44.9 years (SD 20.915) were enrolled in this retrospective study. Patients were evaluated at admission and at discharge using the Glasgow Outcome Scale, Functional Independence Measure, and Level of Cognitive Functioning Scale. The Glasgow Outcome Scale was also implemented at 6 months after discharge (OUTCOME.GOS), whereas the LCF was used twice a week throughout hospitalization. For our purpose, we named LCF at admission LCFa, whereas permanence in the same LCF value (number of days), LCFaL. Results Δ.GOS, Δ.FIM (Δ = difference between value at discharge and at admission), and OUTCOME.GOS were significantly affected by age, length of stay, LCFa, and LCFaL. Conclusion The LCF can give a valuable indication to the prognosis of patients with TBI besides monitoring changes in cognitive function. This allows for individual rehabilitation plan, and long-term management strategies could be developed more quickly upon patient’s discharge. Consequently, valuable healthcare and social care resources could be assigned correctly. Keywords Traumatic brain injury . Outcome scale . Level of cognitive functioning . Rehabilitation . Prognosis
Introduction The disabling effects of acquired brain injuries (ABI), especially those of traumatic brain injuries (TBI) pose a significant healthcare concern to Italy and other developed countries, taking into account that the pooled age–adjusted hospital discharge rate in Italy was estimated to be 1343 per 100,000 people [1]. TBI are among the primary causes of mortality and morbidity in the younger working population (15–35year-olds), and their incidence is increasing among over 65year-olds [1]. The emotional and day-to-day impacts affecting * Elena Rossato [email protected] 1
Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria, via Don A. Sempreboni 5, Negrar, VR, Italy
2
Department of Human Science, Univeristy of Verona, Verona, Italy
the caregivers of those afflicted by TBI are considerable and typically result in significant lifestyle changes. The level of stress, anxiety, and feeling of depression is not correlated with injury severity; often,
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