Role of Nrf2 in cell senescence regulation
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Role of Nrf2 in cell senescence regulation Huan Yuan1 · Yan Xu1,2 · Yi Luo1,2 · Nuo‑Xin Wang1,2 · Jian‑Hui Xiao1,2,3 Received: 10 June 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a key transcription factor known to be involved in maintaining cell redox balance and signal transduction and plays central role in reducing intracellular oxidative stress damage, delaying cell senescence and preventing age-related diseases. However, it has been shown that the level of Nrf2 decreases with age and that the silencing of the Nrf2 gene is associated with the induction of premature senescence. Therefore, a plethora of researchers have focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the prevention of cell senescence. This complex regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process involves coordinated regulation of multiple signaling molecules. After summarizing the function of Nrf2 and its relationship with cell senescence pathway, this review focuses on the recent advances and progress made in elucidating the regulatory mechanism of Nrf2 in the cell senescence process. Additionally, the information collected here may provide insights for further research on Nrf2, in particular, on its regulatory mechanism in the cell senescence process. Keywords Aging · Cell senescence · Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 · Oxidative stress · Regulatory mechanism
Introduction Aging is a spontaneous and inevitable process that occurs over time. The aged human population has been increasing globally owing to the increase in life expectancy. It is estimated that by 2025, there will be more than 800 million individuals over the age of 65 worldwide, and by 2050, the number of elderly individuals over 65 years of age is expected to be double or more than that in 2017 [1]. However, the unprecedented expansion of the aged population has been associated with many social and medical issues. Old individuals are highly susceptible to develop pathological conditions, which leads to an increase in the number * Jian‑Hui Xiao [email protected] 1
Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, People’s Republic of China
2
Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, People’s Republic of China
3
Zunyi Municiptal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, Zunyi 563003, People’s Republic of China
of hospitalizations and creates a fiscal deficit in the public health system. The decline in the health and fitness quality of individuals coupled with difficulties in overcoming disease or physical stress, leads to permanent loss of function and higher mortality in the elderly population [2]. Cellular senescence is a driver of physiological dysfunction that occurs with
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