Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biofertilizer Production
Nutrients present in plants are important for the maintenance of crops and production of healthy food for the constantly rising population of the world. For this efficient means of maintaining soil fertility are required. Soil maintenance approaches nowad
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Role of Recombinant DNA Technology in Biofertilizer Production Rohaya Ali
Abstract Nutrients present in plants are important for the maintenance of crops and production of healthy food for the constantly rising population of the world. For this efficient means of maintaining soil fertility are required. Soil maintenance approaches nowadays are largely reliant on chemical fertilizers, which may pose a severe threat to human well-being and the environment. In this backdrop, biofertilizers have been recognized as a substitute for elevating soil richness and hence crop productivity in sustainable agricultural practices. The utilization of advantageous microbial organisms as biofertilizers is extremely significant in agriculture as it aids in maintenance of food security and elevating crop produce. Furthermore, biofertilizers are highly significant in maintaining the quality of soil. Microbes which are frequently utilized as biofertilizers include potassium solubilizers, nitrogen fixers, mycorrhiza, cyanobacteria or blue green algae, plant growth-promoting Rhizobacteria. Biofertilizers aid in nutrient uptake by plants, offer forbearance to biotic and abiotic situations to plants and also maintain plant growth. Biofertilizers maintain nutrient richness by means of nitrogen fixation, solubilization of potassium, production of antibiotics, disintegration of organic substances and release of plant growth-promoting agents. Biofertilizers, when given in the form of seed or soil inoculants, contribute in nutrient cycling and lead to enhanced crop production. Biofertilizers, therefore, play a vital role in maintaining soil nutrients and hence agricultural produce. Furthermore, biofertilizer production by using the tools of molecular biotechnology like recombinant DNA technology can improve the metabolic pathways of production of important plant growth-promoting factors like phytohormones,, if recognized and transmitted to the useful plant growth-promoting microbes. Recombinant DNA technology offers numerous benefits, as explicit biological pathways can be controlled with high accuracy and entirely novel functions can be engineered into the microorganisms for producing efficient biofertilizers. Keywords Biofertilizers · Solubilizers · Mycorrhiza · Phytohormones · Cyanobacteria
R. Ali (*) Department of Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 K. R. Hakeem et al. (eds.), Microbiota and Biofertilizers, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48771-3_9
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9.1 Introduction to Biotechnology The term “biotechnology” was coined by Karl Ereky and is blend of the two words, i.e. biology and technology. This field is tremendously divergent, enormous and multidisciplinary. Thus, a clear-cut description of the subject is slightly hard. Biotechnology is fundamentally the utilization of biological substances like microbes or cellular constituents in controlled fashion for the advantage of mankind (Okeno et al. 2012). In other words, biotechnology is an integr
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