Rowing Injuries: An Updated Review
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REVIEW ARTICLE
Rowing Injuries: An Updated Review Jane S. Thornton1 • Anders Vinther2 • Fiona Wilson3 • Constance M. Lebrun4 • Mike Wilkinson5 • Stephen R. Di Ciacca6 • Karen Orlando7 • Tomislav Smoljanovic8,9,10
Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016
Abstract Although traditionally seen as a sport for elite schools and colleges, rowing is a founding Olympic event and is increasingly enjoyed by people of all ages and abilities. The sport’s rapidly changing demographics shows significant growth in masters (age 27 years and above) and para-rowing populations. It has further expanded beyond its traditional flatwater format to include the discipline of open-water or coastal rowing, and an increased focus on indoor rowing. Rowing-specific injury research has
& Jane S. Thornton [email protected] 1
The Western Centre for Public Health and Family Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, 1st Floor, 1465 Richmond St., London, ON N6G 2M1, Canada
2
Herlev Gentofte Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
3
Discipline of Physiotherapy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
4
Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Glen Sather Sports Medicine Clinic, Edmonton Clinic, Edmonton, AB, Canada
5
Joint Preservation Center, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
6
University of Western Ontario School of Physical Therapy, Elborn College, London, ON, Canada
7
Procare Rehabilitation, Toronto, ON, Canada
8
South West London Elective Orthopaedic Centre, Epsom and St Helier University Hospitals NHS Trust, Epsom, Surrey, UK
9
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
10
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
similarly increased over the last decade since our last review, revealing areas of improved understanding in preparticipation screening, training load, emerging concepts surrounding back and rib injury, and relative energy deficiency in sport. Through a better understanding of the nature of the sport and mechanisms of injury, physicians and other healthcare providers will be better equipped to treat and prevent injuries in rowers.
Key Points The largest risk factor for rowing injury remains rapid increases in training frequency, intensity and/or volume. Appropriate loading in the boat and on the rowing ergometer can reduce risk of overuse injuries. While the recent increase in rowing injury research is encouraging, there remains a significant demand for well-designed prospective studies.
1 Introduction Rowing consists of three main disciplines: flatwater (e.g., traditional Olympic and collegiate style racing), open water (coastal rowing), and indoor. Classifications exist across disciplines for age, weight, and ability. Internationally, age categories start at Under-19 (athletes aged 18 years and younger). Under-23 and senior categories are followed by a series
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