Saccharification of water hyacinth biomass by a combination of steam explosion with enzymatic technologies for bioethano
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Saccharification of water hyacinth biomass by a combination of steam explosion with enzymatic technologies for bioethanol production L. A. Figueroa‑Torres1 · M. A. Lizardi‑Jiménez2 · N. López‑Ramírez3 · E. C. Varela‑Santos1 · F. Hernández‑Rosas4 · E. Favela‑Torres3 · R. Hernández‑Martínez5 Received: 27 April 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology 2020
Abstract In the present work, bioethanol was produced by sugar fermentation obtained from water hyacinth using a novelty hybrid method composed of steam explosion and enzymatic hydrolysis, using hydrolytic enzymes produced by solid-state fermentation and water hyacinth as substrate. The highest activity, 42 U for xylanase and 2 U for cellulase per gram of dry matter, respectively, was obtained. Steam explosion pretreatment was performed at 190 ℃ for 1, 5, and 10 min, using water hyacinth sampled from the Maria Lizamba Lagoon, the Arroyo Hondo and the Amapa River. The highest amounts of reducing sugars of water hyacinth were obtained form the samples from the lagoon (5.4 g/50 g of dry matter) after 10 min of treatment. Steamed biomass was hydrolysed using the enzymes obtained by solid-state fermentation, obtained reducing sugars (maximum 15.5 g/L); the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis was 0.51 g of reducing sugars per gram of water hyacinth. Finally, reducing sugars were fermented using Saccharomyces cerevisiae for conversion to ethanol, with the highest ethanol concentration (7.13 g/L) and an ethanol yield of 0.23 g/g of dry matter. Keywords Lignocellulosic biomass · Solid-state fermentation · Fermentable sugars · Hydrolytic enzymes · Alcoholic fermentation
Introduction
* R. Hernández‑Martínez [email protected] 1
Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Tierra Blanca, Av. Veracruz S/N Esq., Héroes de Puebla, Colonia Pemex, C.P. 95180 Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, Mexico
2
CONACYT-Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2da Secc., 78210 San Luis Potosí, Mexico
3
Departamento de Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Iztapalapa, C.P. 09340 Mexico D.F., Mexico
4
Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba‑Veracruz Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, 94946 Veracruz, Mexico
5
CONACYT- Colegio de Postgraduados-Campus Córdoba, Carretera Federal Córdoba‑Veracruz Km 348, Congregación Manuel León, Municipio Amatlán de los Reyes, 94946 Veracruz, Mexico
Water hyacinth (WH) is an important aquatic plant high in hemicellulose and low in lignin content. It contains about 48% hemicellulose, 18% cellulose and 3% lignin, although the reported composition varies (Aswathy et al. 2010). The species is an important source of fermentable sugars for bioethanol production to substitute fossil fuels, and its residual biomass can also be converted into other valueadded chemicals in a well-integrated biorefinery facility. Its further advantages are that it does not compete with food crops for arable land, p
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