Safe farming as a service of blockchain-based supply chain management for improved transparency
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Safe farming as a service of blockchain-based supply chain management for improved transparency Razi Iqbal1 • Talal Ashraf Butt2 Received: 31 August 2019 / Revised: 27 February 2020 / Accepted: 9 March 2020 Ó Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Precision agriculture is based on the idea of utilizing technology to improve the efficiency of agriculture industry. Blockchain technology has great potential to revolutionize the agricultural industry. Furthermore, various Internet of Things (IoT) based solutions are proposed to enhance production such as crops condition monitoring system. These technologies aim to address various stages of the agricultural supply chain by improving the processes. The key issue faced by farmers is to ensure the protection of their crops from animals during all stages of a harvest. This paper proposes a IoTbased prevention system to tackle this issue for safe farming. The solution is based on the input of the sensor nodes deployed in the field to detect animal attacks. These sensors report a hazard to a Repelling and Notifying System (RNS) in the field. The RNS produces human-safe ultrasonic sound waves that are unbearable for animals, thus they leave the field. The proposed RNS system also reports all hazard incidents to a centralized Farm Management System (FMS) maintained by the farmer. The paper also proposes a way the FMS can add value to a broader arena by becoming a service to an Agricultural Blockchain system. As a blockchain node, the FMS maintains a shared ledger as part of blockchain to share the details of incidents with meta information with other nodes in the blockchain. This information is vital for other blockchain nodes of the agricultural blockchain such as other FMS, companies, authorities and standard bodies. The lowcost RNS performance evaluation concludes that it is power efficient that makes it even affordable for developing countries, and as a Blockchain service it enables novel applications for the agriculture industry. Keywords Precision agriculture Safe farming Blockchain Internet of things ZigBee Wireless sensor networks
1 Introduction Blockchain is a rebranding of the existing Distributed Trust Management System to utilize the latest encryption techniques to maintain a Distributed Ledger between the diverse participants of a domain. The distributed ledger is maintained between different entities to offer a secure and decentralized solution for managing transactions without requiring any centralized authority. Each change is
& Razi Iqbal [email protected] Talal Ashraf Butt [email protected] 1
Dundas Data Visualization, Toronto, Canada
2
Computer Information Science (CIS), Higher Colleges of Technology, Fujairah Campus, Fujairah, UAE
mutually agreed upon before updating the ledger. The mutual trust is maintained by creating transaction blocks and chaining them together using each other’s hash. Each new block added to the distributed ledger stores the hash of t
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