Saliva biomonitoring using LPME-GC/MS method to assess dentistry exposure to plasticizers
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RESEARCH PAPER
Saliva biomonitoring using LPME-GC/MS method to assess dentistry exposure to plasticizers José Messias Gomes 1 & Tatiana Fernandes Araujo Almeida 2 & Tarcília Aparecida da Silva 2 & Zenilda de Lourdes Cardeal 1 & Helvécio Costa Menezes 1 Received: 17 July 2020 / Revised: 17 August 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Bisphenol A and phthalates are endocrine disruptors widely used as chemical additives mainly in plastic products, including materials for dentistry procedures. Besides, many plasticizers have been associated with important diseases requiring performed methods for their quantification. In the present study, an alternative method for the determination of bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalate metabolites in saliva was developed and validated using hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction (HF-LPME) for sample preparation and gas chromatography coupled to ion trap mass spectrometry (GC/MS) for analysis. A mixture of octanol and ethyl octanoate (1:1 v/v) was used as an acceptor phase in hollow fiber to extract the analytes from saliva samples. A Doehlert design was performed to optimize the variable sample agitation and extraction time. The HF-LPME-GC/MS method developed for saliva analysis showed good selectivity, linearity (R2 > 0.900), and precision (CV = 0.86–18.68%). Limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.03 to 0.53 μg L−1 and 0.09 to 1.78 μg L−1, respectively. A high concentration of BPA in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal space is a warning of the possible association with the main cancer of the mouth. The method developed and validated was applied to patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (study group, n = 16) and patients who did not present any oral lesion (control group, n = 16). A principal component analysis was performed and showed a tendency for the association between oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and plasticizers. Keywords Gas chromatography . Liquid phase microextraction . Saliva . Phthalate . Bisphenol A . Biomonitoring
Introduction Created about a century ago, the polymeric material that brought countless facilities to modern life has become a source of environmental and health problems [1]. Plastic is a synthetic material composed of a network of monomers bound to form a macromolecule which, due to its stability, flexibility, and strength, is widely used in industry for countless applications in human society [2]. In recent years, the plastic components Dedicated to the memory of Gabriela Dias Cerqueira, who developed the method and sadly passed away prematurely. * Helvécio Costa Menezes [email protected] 1
Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil
2
Departamento de Clínica, Patologia e Cirurgia Oral, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil
used in the constitution of plastic products have been investigated for the damage caused to human health due to the constant low-le
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