Salivary metabolome of children and adolescents under peritoneal dialysis
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Salivary metabolome of children and adolescents under peritoneal dialysis Liana B. Freitas-Fernandes 1 & Tatiana K. S. Fidalgo 2 Ana Paula Valente 3
&
Priscila Assunção de Almeida 1 & Ivete P. R. Souza 1 &
Received: 5 June 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objective To study the influence of peritoneal dialysis (PD) on the salivary metabolite profile of children and adolescents with renal failure. Materials and methods Healthy children/adolescents (n = 31; mean age: 12.18 ± 3.76) and children/adolescents subjected to PD (n = 12; mean age: 10.10 ± 4.25) were recruited. Oral health status assessed by the dmft/DMFT and Volpe-Manhold calculus indices. The 1H spectra were acquired in a 600-MHz Bruker nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer and were subjected to multivariate analysis using partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), orthogonal PLS-DA (O-PLS-DA), and univariate analysis through chi-square and t tests (SPSS 20.0, IL, USA), with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results A similar caries pattern (p = 0.57; chi-square test) was observed between the healthy (dmft = 0.72 ± 1.28 and DMFT 0.93 ± 2.30) and PD groups (dmft = 2.14 ± 3.67, DMFT 0.33 ± 0.71) and dental calculus (p > 0.05, t test). PLS-DA and O-PLS-DA were able to distinguish both groups (ACC = 0.85, R2 = 0.80, Q2 = 0.15). Salivary metabolites decrease in creatine, propionate, and sugar levels in the PD group and an increase in creatinine, butyrate, and lactate levels when compared with the healthy group. Conclusions Children and adolescents subjected to PD have a different salivary metabolic profile from that of their healthy subjects. Clinical relevance Complications of peritoneal dialysis procedures could be monitored by proper knowledge of saliva characteristics as predictors of peritonitis-related outcome. The use of metabolomics in pediatric nephrology may be an innovative methodology for the early diagnosis and monitoring of kidney diseases. Keywords Chronic kidney disease . End-stage renal disease . Biomarkers . Metabolic profile . Peritoneal dialysis
Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive loss of functional nephrons, and its prevalence ranges from 8 to 16% in
* Ivete P. R. Souza [email protected] * Ana Paula Valente [email protected] 1
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
2
Department of Preventive and Community Dentistry, School of Dentistry, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
3
National Center for Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - Jiri Jonas, Medical Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
the adult population worldwide [1, 2]. CKD reduces the glomerular filtration rate (< 15 mL/min) and leads to the need for dialysis. According to epidemiological data, peritoneal dialysis (PD) represents 11% of the world population in need of dialysis [3].
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