Sand and Gravel Spits

This book draws together a series of studies of spit geomorphology and temporal evolution from around the world. The volume offers some unique insights into how these landforms are examined scientifically and how we as humans impact them, offering a globa

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Giovanni Randazzo Derek W.T. Jackson J. Andrew G. Cooper Editors

Sand and Gravel Spits

Coastal Research Library Volume 12

Series editor Charles W. Finkl Department of Geosciences Florida Atlantic University Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA

The aim of this book series is to disseminate information to the coastal research community. The Series covers all aspects of coastal research including but not limited to relevant aspects of geological sciences, biology (incl. ecology and coastal marine ecosystems), geomorphology (physical geography), climate, littoral oceanography, coastal hydraulics, environmental (resource) management, engineering, and remote sensing. Policy, coastal law, and relevant issues such as conflict resolution and risk management would also be covered by the Series. The scope of the Series is broad and with a unique cross-disciplinary nature. The Series would tend to focus on topics that are of current interest and which carry some import as opposed to traditional titles that are esoteric and non-controversial. Monographs as well as contributed volumes are welcomed.

More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8795

Giovanni Randazzo • Derek W.T. Jackson • J. Andrew G. Cooper Editors

Sand and Gravel Spits

Editors Giovanni Randazzo Dipartimento di Fisica e di Scienze della Terra University of Messina Messina, Italy

Derek W.T. Jackson Environmental Sciences Research Institute University of Ulster Coleraine, UK

J. Andrew G. Cooper Environmental Sciences Research Institute University of Ulster Coleraine, UK

ISSN 2211-0577 ISSN 2211-0585 (electronic) Coastal Research Library ISBN 978-3-319-13715-5 ISBN 978-3-319-13716-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-13716-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015936450 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper Springer International Publishing AG Switzerland is part