Spatial variability of soil organic matter in a gravel-sand mulched jujube orchard at field scale
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REVIEW PAPER
Spatial variability of soil organic matter in a gravel-sand mulched jujube orchard at field scale Wenju Zhao 1 & Taohong Cao 1 & Zongli Li 2 & Minqiang Luo 3 & Yu Su 1 Received: 7 March 2019 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 / Published online: 8 June 2020 # Saudi Society for Geosciences 2020
Abstract In agricultural ecosystems, soil organic matter (SOM) is a major determinant and indicator of soil fertility and quality. The objectives of this study were to understand the spatial distribution of SOM and the accuracy of two interpolation methods evaluated: Kriging and inverse distance weighting (IDW) in a gravel-sand mulch of northwest China. We are measuring SOM in 256 soil samples collected from 0 to 10, 10–20, 20–30, and 30–50 cm layers at five sampling scales, 32 × 32, 28 × 28, 24 × 24, 20 × 20, and 16 × 16 m, and three sampling spacings, 4, 8, and 12 m. SOM content decreased with depth in each scale, varying from 2.41 to 5.75 g/kg. The SOM was weakly to moderately variable and has a strong spatial autocorrelation. The standard deviation was small for each soil layer, and the variability was low or weakly moderate, indicating that two interpolation methods were applicable to the entire data set. Kriging interpolation was more accurate than IDW. The distribution of SOM differed in the surface layers at the five sampling scales, which was more uniform as the sampling scale decreased. Eight meter is a reasonable sampling spacing. Through the scales effect and spacing change on SOM for fixed-point monitoring, combing the estimate of SOM to reduce the sampling workload will aid the supply of SOM in gravel-sand mulched fields in arid regions. Keywords Gravel-sand mulch . Soil organic matter . Spatial variation . Kriging interpolation . Inverse distance weighting interpolation
Introduction Responsible Editor: Abdullah Al-Amri * Wenju Zhao [email protected] Taohong Cao [email protected] Zongli Li [email protected] Minqiang Luo [email protected] Yu Su [email protected] 1
College of Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, China
2
General Institute for Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100120, China
3
Jiangxi Water Resources Planning and Design Institute, Nanchang 330029, China
Soil organic matter (SOM) is a key indicator for assessing soil quality and is also important as sources and sinks in global carbon (Marchetti et al. 2012; Thomazini et al. 2015; Klimek et al. 2016). SOM contains more than three times as much carbon as either the atmosphere or terrestrial vegetation globally (Schmidt et al. 2011). And the quantification of organic matter cycling may provide an important guide to the agricultural potential of soils. Assessing SOM variability has become one of the most active areas of research in soil and environmental sciences (Yemefack et al. 2005; Liu et al. 2008; Meyer et al. 2017). Using gravel-sand mulch, an indigenous farming technique for crop production in the semiarid loessial region of nort
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