Scaling of spatial variation in ground flora of Tharparker, Pakistan
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Scaling of spatial variation in ground flora of Tharparker, Pakistan Sheikh Saeed Ahmad1 · Daniel Potter2 Received: 16 June 2020 / Accepted: 17 September 2020 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The role of vegetation is very important in ecosystem conservation. The present study was conducted to classify the existing ground flora in Tharparker, Pakistan. The distribution pattern of vegetation and species association was grouped into different communities by using ordination techniques. Both direct and indirect ordination methods were applied to classify the species into groups and communities, and also quantify the relationship of species with varied soil parameters (pH, EC, moisture, OM, K, P, Fe+3, Zn+2, Mn+2, Cu+2). Plant and soil samples were randomly collected using quadrat of 1 * 1 m2. Two main groups and four communities were formed by species derived from fifty quadrat. Cynodon dactylon and Desmostachya bipinnata showed higher abundance over the broad range of all edaphic factor’s concentration. This study provided the significant results of least abundant and most abundant herbaceous species in the region of Tharparker, which will be helpful for land managing and planning. Keywords Ecological model · Herbaceous plants · Multivariate · Ordinal classification
1 Introduction In ecology, plant distribution and relationship of plant species with environmental gradient is significantly important, because it reflects the pattern of species abundance and diversity [1]. Studying the relationship of species with environmental parameter and classification not only is important in the research field of ecology, but also gets difficult for analyzing the community structure. Complexity of interaction between plants and abiotic factors is a major constraint for predicting plant response to environmental changes. However, vegetation response and future scenario can be predicted by computer models. Computer simulation is dependant on accurate data set of parameters and not limited by time and space which is hurdle in experimentation. In the case of conservation and management practices, classification is very important which depends upon the scale of measurement. In this perspective, multivariate techniques are very useful in ecology [2]. For the identification of association within species on the
basis of abundance and vegetation composition, two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) technique is widely applied by ecologist. Existence and abundance of different plant species depend upon the spatial variability within the area. Plants show different growth responses to spatially distributed edphaic factors like the presence of moisture, macronutrients and micronutrients. Many researches have shown the importance of direct and indirect ordination techniques of multivariate. Likewise, the relationship between environmental parameter and plant species along distribution pattern in Chott El Beida (RAMSAR protect wetland) situated in Algeria was studied using TWINSPAN, and 127 species of 41 families we
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