Scenario-based planning for reduction of emitted CO 2 from the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) of Iran
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Scenario-based planning for reduction of emitted CO2 from the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) of Iran Masoumeh Mahmoudi & Sharareh Pourebrahim & Afshin Danehkar & Mazaher Moeinaddini & Mahdi Tanha Ziyarati
Received: 22 March 2020 / Accepted: 13 August 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract The Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) is one of the largest gas reserves in the world. To reduce the CO2 emission from the area in line with the international climate commitments, two groups of scenario have been developed: the first is using the ecosystem services of mangrove forests, and the second is technology development for oil and gas industries. For the first scenario, the carbon sequestrated by the trees was calculated using the allometric equation, and the carbon of sediments was determined by using the Walkley–Black method. For the second scenario, CO2 emitted from the PSEEZ was calculated by using the Iranian Petroleum Ministry Guidelines. CO2 emission from the PSEEZ was 0.030 Gt year−1. The maximum CO2 sequestered by mangrove scenarios was 0.12% of the PSEEZ emissions, while the flaring elimination technology reduces 36% of the PSEEZ emissions. Generally, the scenario of using oil and gas industry technologies is more effective. Keywords Scenario-based planning . CO2 emission . Pars Special Economic Energy Zone (PSEEZ) . Ecosystem services of mangrove forest M. Mahmoudi : S. Pourebrahim (*) : A. Danehkar : M. Moeinaddini Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran e-mail: [email protected] M. T. Ziyarati Department of Environmental Protection, Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, Asalouyeh, Iran
Introduction Global warming is one of the important environmental issues in the world. Devastating effects of global warming are temperature rising, polar ice melting, ocean levels rising, environmental quality diminishing for humans and animals, and forest fires at regional, national, and global levels. The important cause of global warming is greenhouse gas emissions, among which carbon dioxide has the most effective role due to high production volumes. Combustion of fossil fuels and natural gas, transportation, fire, and forest degradation are the major contributors to CO2 entry into the atmosphere. Fuel combustion is responsible for 30% of CO2 emissions (IPCC 2007). This issue has created a challenge for global agreements and conventions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, including the UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), COP (Conference of Parties), and Kyoto Protocol. Iran is also committed to these conventions. In most countries, the energy sector is one of the major sources of greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for 90% of CO2 emissions and 75% of greenhouse gas emissions in developing countries. The Iran greenhouse gas emissions from this sector in 2000 accounted for 89% of CO2 (337.3 million t), with the rest being N2O and CH4. Sources of CO2 emissions are the combustion of fossil fuels for h
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