Screen-printed organic electrochemical transistors for metabolite sensing
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esearch Letter
Screen-printed organic electrochemical transistors for metabolite sensing Gaëtan Scheiblin, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France; Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Abdelkader Aliane, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France Xenofon Strakosas, and Vincenzo F. Curto, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Romain Coppard, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, LITEN, F-38054 Grenoble, France Gilles Marchand, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France Roísín M. Owens, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Pascal Mailley, Université Grenoble Alpes, F-38000 Grenoble, France; CEA, LETI, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France George G. Malliaras, Department of Bioelectronics, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines, CMP-EMSE, MOC, 13541 Gardanne, France Address all correspondence Roísín M. Owens, Pascal Mailley, George G. Malliaras at [email protected], [email protected], and pascal. [email protected] (Received 19 May 2015; accepted 1 July 2015)
Abstract Screen-printed organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) were tested as glucose and lactate sensors. The intrinsic amplification of the device allowed it to detect metabolites in low molecular range and validation tests were made on real human sweat. The development of an organically modified sol–gel solid electrolyte paves the way for all printed OECT-based biosensors.
Introduction Glucose and lactate represent two important metabolites and indicators of physiological function. Lactate, the deprotonated form of lactic acid, is one of the most important markers of tissue oxygenation; consequently, it is a useful physiological parameter to diagnose wellness in sport or healthcare.[1] Measurement of glucose levels is of great interest for monitoring cellular metabolism, as glucose is a key energy source, and also an indicator of glycemia in diabetics. Both these metabolites are involved in the energy cycle during exercise. When glucose is consumed in anaerobic conditions, the proton shuttle performed by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) co-enzymes is not sufficient and, as a result, lactate is produced.[1] Thus, measuring glucose and lactate levels before, during, and after exercise is a good way to characterize how intensive is the physical effort in order to adapt the training. Commercially available devices such as I-Stat® and the lactate SCOUT®, allow measurement of those two metabolites via blood sampling. Measurements in blood require a finger prick or, for continuous measurements, the insertion of a device under the skin. In addition to requiring invasive techniques to gain access to sample, blood contains numerous other species known to interf
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