Screening Effects of the National Health Screening Program on Developmental Disorders
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Screening Effects of the National Health Screening Program on Developmental Disorders Sung Sil Rah1 · Soon‑Beom Hong2 · Ju Young Yoon3
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract As the prevalence of developmental disorders (DDs) has increased, many OECD countries provide a national screening examination for early detection and intervention for DDs. This study examined effects of the National Health Screening Program in Korea. 65,334 children (39%) were DD-screened and 35,466 children (21%) received a false negative among the 167,050 study subjects. The DD-screened rate had increased from 3208 (27.2%) in 2008 to 8471 (47.3%) in 2012, then decreased to 5544 (29.8%) in 2017. Changes in the false negative rates increased from 2.7% in 2008 to 23.8% in 2017 were one of the most influential factors in these fluctuations. The DD-screened rate was influenced by demo-geographic and economic factors as well as by age-related characteristics of the subconditions. Keywords Child · Developmental disabilities · Diagnostic screening programs · Epidemiologic studies · Infant Developmental disorders (DDs) are defined as limitations on language, social, motor and cognitive abilities that occur during the developmental period (Odom et al. 2009). The conditions can vary by the domains in which the developmental problem occurs; autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), blindness, cerebral palsy, developmental delay, epilepsy, hearing loss, intellectual disorder, language disorders, learning disorders, and special sensory disorders are the subconditions of DDs (Boyle et al. 1994; Boyle et al. 2011; Zablotsky et al. 2017; Olusanya et al. 2018). Because people with DDs may not only have a single condition but instead show a set of the symptoms, DDs need to be considered as a whole not individually (Thapar et al. 2017). Core profiles of ADHD, for example, comprise features of language, behavioural and * Ju Young Yoon [email protected] 1
College of Nursing, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak‑ro, Jongno‑gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
2
Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak‑ro, Jongno‑gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
3
Research Institute of Nursing Science, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak‑ro, Jongno‑gu, Seoul 03080, Republic of Korea
emotional problems, as well as cognitive impairments in combination (Thapar et al. 2017). Although the mechanism of DDs has not yet been clearly discovered, they are known to occur in various causes, including high causality with genetic factors (Vorstman and Ophoff 2013; Fitzgerald et al. 2015). DDs cannot be cured, and in many cases they persist into adulthood and result in a broad range of negative outcomes, such as other mental health problems, limited educational attainment and difficulties in economic and social activities (Sayal et al. 2018; Reichow et al. 2018). These lifelong chronic character
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