Seawater Desalination Conventional and Renewable Energy Processes
A growing proportion of the world’s population is dependent on Seawater Desalination as a source of fresh water for both potable and civil use. One of the main drawbacks of conventional desalination technologies is the substantial energy requirement, whic
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Andrea Cipollina · Giorgio Micale · Lucio Rizzuti Editors
Seawater Desalination Conventional and Renewable Energy Processes With 143 Figures and 55 Tables
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Editors Andrea Cipollina, Giorgio Micale, Lucio Rizzuti Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica dei Processi e dei Materiali Università degli Studi di Palermo Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 6 90128 Palermo Italy e-mail: [email protected]
ISSN 1865-3529 e-ISSN 1865-3537 ISBN 978-3-642-01149-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-01150-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-01150-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009932595 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2009 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: WMX Design GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
. . . Water, water, everywhere, Nor any drop to drink. . . The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge
The Editors’ royalties of this book will be donated to the European Desalination Society, as a small sign to support EDS extensive activities in the field of Desalination, with particular regard to the widespread of knowledge and awareness at all levels of the global community.
Foreword
The seas around us harbors over 97% of water in the world. Yet water stress and scarcity loom large as population grows. Desalination technology has come to harness the water treasure in the seas. Desalination plants growing in number, size and efficiency are supplying more and more water with lower energy requirements, more attention to environment and lower cost. At the same time, great efforts are being made to promote water conservation by more efficient use. Yet we have a long way to go. Lowering energy requirements and hence cost is the major challenge of desalination as it is for all energy consuming technologies. We now look to sun, wind and wave and we once looked to their Gods. If today we have not yet reached efficient ways to unlock this mighty source of energy and some skeptics lurk in the wings, research has even brought us to the moon. So it is essential to pursue research on solar energy coupled to desalination as well as wind and wave so
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