Secondary Recrystallization of Nickel-Base Superalloy CM 247 LC After Processing by Metal Injection Molding
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NTRODUCTION
SUPERALLOYS are key materials in gas turbines and petrochemical applications due to their superior mechanical properties and corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures.[1,2] The use of superalloys, however, leads to high component cost as casting, forming and machining processes are all difficult and expensive. In case of more complex geometries, net shape components cannot be achieved and machining is particularly expensive. A potential solution for cost reduction and net shape processing that has been pursued for a long time is powder metallurgy (PM),[3,4] in particular hot NAICHENG SHENG is with the Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Str. 81, 90762 Fuerth, Germany and also with the Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ANDREAS MEYER is with the Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU). KATHARINA HORKE is with the Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd. & Co. KG, Eschenweg 11, Dahlewitz, 15827 Blankenfelde-Mahlow, Germany; CAROLIN KO¨RNER and ROBERT F. SINGER are with the Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP), Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) and also with the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering for Metals (WTM), Department of Materials Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), Martensstr. 5, 91052, Erlangen, Germany. Manuscript submitted June 17, 2020; accepted October 27, 2020.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
isostatic pressing of canned powder (HIP).[5–7] Newer PM processes with a high potential include metal injection molding (MIM)[8–11] and additive manufacturing (AM).[12–14] MIM, which has been investigated in the present study, typically includes the following four steps[15]: (1) Feedstock preparation. The metal powder and thermoplastic polymer binder are mixed together in an optimized ratio to prepare the pelletized feedstock. (2) Injection molding. The feedstock is brought to a temperature above the polymer melting point and injected into the mold with high pressure to obtain the green part. (3) Debinding. The green part is first solvent debound and then thermally debound before sintering. After solvent and thermal debinding, most of the binder is already removed. There are continuous channels inside the parts after thermal debinding so that the residual binder can be evaporated during the sintering process. (4) Sintering. The parts after debinding are sintered in high-temperature vacuum furnaces, close to the solidus temperature of the alloys, to obtain the final dense parts. Although MIM is a new technology in the superalloy community, it has already received much attention.[16–18] Some of the first investigations on MIM superalloys focused on alloy compositions such as IN 718 or IN 625.[16,17,19] These alloys contain very small amounts of aluminum and are not suitable for
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